斜塔将倒？比比萨斜塔更斜的塔撑不住了
封锁街道！900岁的加里森达塔将“闭关”保修
全文字数：1685字 / 阅读时间：6分钟
Photo by Bianca Ackermann on Unsplash
近日，意大利中部文化名城博洛尼亚的地标——双塔之一的加里森达塔出现塔身晃动加剧的险情，当地市政府已经宣布封锁了两座古塔周围的道路，并采取措施固定塔身。
这塔到底有啥特别的？
Pictures from Bologna today
Built between 1109 and 1119, the 48-metre Garisenda tower, along with the 97-metre Asinelli, is Bologna’s most recognizable symbols known as “twins tower”.
48米高的加里森达塔建于1109年至1119年之间，和97米高的阿西内利塔一同被称为“双子塔”, 是意大利博洛尼亚最知名的建筑之一。
当时，两大家族为了比拼权利和财富，在城市的入口建造了加里森达塔和阿塞内利塔，并用自己的家族名为其命名。加里森达塔最初有60米高，但在倾斜到4度后不得不降低至48米。而意大利更著名的比萨斜塔倾斜则为3.9度。研究表明，加里森达塔实际上是世界上最高的倾斜砖塔（因为比萨斜塔是由白色大理石建造的）。
译注：世界第一斜塔是位于德国莱茵魏恩海姆小镇的一座钟楼塔，斜18度。
The tower was cited several times in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy , and the Garisenda was also referred to in Goethe’s Italian Journey.
这座塔在但丁的《神曲》中曾多次被引用，歌德的《意大利游记》中也提到了它。
仔细观察就能看到，随着地基的削弱，加里森达塔越来越倾斜。
这塔让人操碎了心
自2009年以来，博洛尼亚大学的科学家就一直在监测这座塔的各项数据。
加里森达塔年代久远，且其地基从11世纪以来就以薄弱闻名，最近还出现了频繁的晃动，因此数月来人们一直在密切观察它。
The base of the tower, built from mortar, terracotta bricks and river stones, was reinforced with injections of mortar in 2022, and steel bands were placed around it in 2019, but this doesn’t appear to have resolved the problem.
加里森达塔的底部由砂浆、赤陶土砖和河石建造，2019年在塔周围放置了钢带，2022年还曾注入砂浆进行加固，但这些似乎并没有解决问题。
Pictures from Bologna today
拿什么把这塔留住？
Photograph:MicheleNucci/LaPresse/Shutterstock
Scientific experts at the University of Bologna were working to verify data from the sensors, which they said appeared to show "anomalous oscillations", and nearby roads had been closed as a precaution in the meantime, reported the local edition of newspaper La Repubblica.
据当地报纸《共和国报》报道，博洛尼亚大学的科学家正在努力核实传感器数据。依照数据，他们表示塔似乎正在异常晃动，为安全考虑，附近的街道已被封闭。
专家们在塔内安装了灵敏的麦克风，以捕捉任何可能预警倒塌的破裂声。交通禁令让麦克风能够捕捉到最微弱的声响。
政府将替换地基的支撑材料，让结构更安全稳定。原本允许游客攀登的另一座塔——阿西内利塔也已被关闭。
The Italian city’s mayor, Matteo Lepore, said the closure of Piazza di Porta Ravegnana was necessary in order to “save” the Garisenda tower. “We’re not intervening because we think it could collapse at any moment, we’re intervening because we want to make it safe and restore it,” he said.
市长马特奥·莱波雷表示，为了“拯救”加里森达塔，有必要关闭其所在的广场——拉韦格纳纳门广场。他说：“我们对这座塔采取相关措施，不只因为它是随时可能倒塌的危险建筑，更因为它是值得保护、需要尽可能修复的珍贵遗产。”
Photo by Lucian Alexe on Unsplash
Bologna council is establishing a special committee to oversee the Garisenda’s restoration. “I will seek the best possible professionalism, nationally and internationally … we will look for anyone who can help us,” Lepore said.
博洛尼亚议会正在成立一个特别委员会，来监督加里森达塔的修复工作。市长表示：“我们将在国内外广纳贤才，寻求专业人士的帮助。”
意大利政府将利用欧盟资助的国家恢复与韧性计划（NRRP）*分配拨款的约500万欧元，来资助该塔的修复工作。
译注：National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)，是指国家复苏与韧性计划，旨在应对和恢复自然灾害、经济危机、卫生危机或其他重大挑战，以确保国家的经济和社会体系具备应对未来冲击的韧性。
大家怎么看这塔？
Pier Ferdinando Casini, a senator, was optimistic. “The Garisenda has passed the test over hundreds of years and will overcome this misadventure too.”
参议员皮尔·费迪南多·卡西尼十分乐观：“加里森达塔已经扛过了几百年的考验，这次也将渡过难关。”
“I am afraid to think about losing something that is part of the city’s soul,” said Carlo Lucarelli, an author and screenwriter. “I’ve always taken the two towers for granted, but with affection, in the same way you might take the presence of a brother for granted.”
作家兼编剧卡罗·卢卡莱利说：“我不敢想象失去这座城市灵魂的一部分将会怎样。它们是这个城市不可或缺的一部分，我一直以来都把这两座塔楼视为理所当然的存在，就像亲兄弟一样。
From wikipedia
Giorgio Diritti, an actor and film director, said: “I’m worried from many perspectives, especially the fact that this news has come as a surprise. But how can it be a surprise if the tower has been monitored for years?” Diritti added that, if it came to it, he would be ready to go there “to hold the tower up”.
演员兼导演乔治奥·迪里蒂说：“方方面面，我都为这座塔担心。感觉这个消息来得特别突然。不过这座塔已经倾斜多年了，这样说来也算不上突然。”如果真到了斜塔将倾的地步，他会准备好赶到现场，“把它撑住。”
重点词汇：
shore up：to stop a wall or a building from falling down by supporting it with building materials such as wood or metal. 支持；支撑
例句：Boundary walls have had to be shored up. 边界墙须用支柱支撑。
herald：to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happen, or to makesomething publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it. 预示…的开始
例句：The president's speech heralds a new era in foreign policy. 总统的演说预示着一个外交政策新时代的开始。
原文链接：
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/29/bologna-seals-off-leaning-tower-fears-tilting-too-far
https://www.thelocal.it/20231023/is-one-of-bolognas-twin-towers-at-risk-of-collapsing
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/collapse-fears-as-bologna-listens-in-on-dante-s-leaning-tower-6ghpq6snv
编译 | 陈宇嘉 杨嘉伟
排版 | 杨嘉伟
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