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/ 东京一法庭外的抗议者，2022年11月，法庭驳回了一对同性情侣赔偿损害的要求 / 摄影 : Jiji Press / EPA
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最后一名的G7成员国：日本
高板茜（Akane Kousaka）和她的伴侣一直生活在忧虑之中。虽然这对性少数群体情侣持有一份由区役所签发的“伴侣证书”，但却无法享受其中提供的法律保障，因为这些保障仅限异性恋伴侣享受——其中包括在医院探视配偶的权利。
高坂（Kousaka）告诉《观察家报》：在性少数群体权益方面，日本已经远远落后于其他国家了。
日本是G7成员国中唯一一个拒绝承认同性婚姻合法的国家。正值日本即将于5月主办七国集团峰会之际，首相岸田文雄（Kishida Fumio）所面临的压力日益增大，外界要求其承认同婚合法的呼声越来越高
Japan is the only country in the G7 that denies same-sex couples the right to marry. Pressure is building on Japan’s prime minister, Fumio Kishida, to recognise LGBTQ+ rights as the country prepares to host the G7 summit in May.
上周在东京举行的一场 “Pride 7” 峰会上，活动人士呼吁日本在主办七国集团会议之前颁布一项反歧视法，结束该国作为该集团唯一没有保护LGBTQ+权利的法律的成员的不光彩地位。
At a Pride 7 summit in Tokyo last week, campaigners called on Japan to enact an anti-discrimination law before it hosts the G7, and end the country’s unenviable status as the only member of the group that does not have a law protecting LGBTQ+ rights.
岸田（Kishida）一直以来在回避相关批评，因此在峰会即将召开之际，他所在的保守政党自民党一直被困在舆论声讨的漩涡中。而国际社会的聚光灯能否推动日本向婚姻权利平等的社会更近一步呢？只有极少数人相信这一可能性。
Kishida has attempted to deflect criticism that his conservative Liberal Democratic party is trapped in a cycle of intolerance as the summit approaches, yet few believe that Japan’s moment in the international spotlight will take the country closer to allowing equal marriage.
/ 日本首相岸田文雄 (Fumio Kishida) 面临说服保守党员的压力，其中一些人至今拒绝同意同婚的合法性。/ 摄影：路透社
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争议频发 内外交困
岸田面临着一场说服自己党内具有影响力的成员的艰苦战斗，其中一些人曾公开发表过仇视同性恋的言论。
下议院的右翼成员杉田美男在2018年的一篇杂志文章中说，LGBTQ+群体“没有生产力”，因为不能生孩子。杉田直到去年年底才收回这番话，也没有为之道歉。
Mio Sugita, a rightwing member of the lower house, said in a magazine article in 2018 that members of the LGBTQ+ community were “unproductive” because they cannot have children. Sugita did not retract or apologise for the remarks until late last year.
2022年，在自民党议员的一次会议上分发的一本小册子将同性恋描述为一种“后天的心理障碍”，传统上支持该党的宗教和其他团体也持这种观点。
In 2022, a pamphlet distributed at a meeting of LDP MPs described homosexuality as an “acquired psychological disorder” – a view shared by religious and other groups that have traditionally backed the party.
2月，岸田的高级助手Masayoshi Arai被解雇，因为他说他“不想住在LGBTQ+夫妇的隔壁”，“甚至不想看他们一眼”。
In February, Masayoshi Arai, a senior aide to Kishida, was sacked after saying that he “would not want to live next door” to an LGBTQ+ couple and did “not even want to look at them”.
一支为性少数群体提供社会支持的组织负责人松岡奏志（Soshi Matsuoka）认为，新井（Arai）的言论表明日本不适合举办G7峰会。“作为唯一一个在性少数群体法律措施上止步不前的G7国家，我们将不得不面对国际社会愈发严肃的质疑，”松冈告诉共同社。
Soshi Matsuoka, who heads a sexual minority support group, said Arai’s remarks showed Japan was unfit to host the G7 summit. “As the only G7 country where legal measures for sexual minorities have not progressed, the country will face even more severe scrutiny from the international community,” Matsuoka told the Kyodo news agency.
政府也面临着外部压力，美国驻日本大使Rahm Emanue呼吁在本届议会会议于6月结束前制定 “明确、毫不含糊”的立法来保护性少数群体。加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、英国、美国和欧盟的大使在给岸田的信中呼吁日本“将其国际人权倡导与国内议程相匹配，包括采取措施保护本国的LGBTQI+社区”。
The government is also coming under external pressure, with the US ambassador to Japan, Rahm Emanuel, calling for “clear, unambiguous” legislation to protect sexual minorities before the current parliamentary session ends in June. In a letter to Kishida, ambassadors from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Britain, the US and the EU called on Japan to “match its international advocacy for human rights with a domestic agenda that includes steps to protect its own LGBTQI+ communities”.
/ 婚姻平权活动家 Makiko Terahara 二月在东京的一场新闻发布会上发表讲话。/ 摄影：Yoshio Tsunoda/AFLO/REX/Shutterstock
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同婚法案有希望吗？
岸田近日新设了一个政府职务，负责性少数群体事务，他还接见了一些平权人士。但同时，在评价日本的同性婚姻禁令时，他称其“并非歧视性的”，他还称同性婚姻合法化会“根本性地改变日本社会”，给所谓的传统家庭价值观念造成挑战。这些表态激化了社会的愤怒情绪。
He recently created a new government post responsible for LGBTQ+ rights and met equality campaigners. But he also provoked anger by claiming that Japan’s ban on same-sex marriage was “not discriminatory”, and that legalising it would “fundamentally change society” and challenge so-called traditional family values.
岸田采取了谨慎立场，援引日本民法中的一条规定，即婚姻是男女之间的结合。
Kishida has taken a cautious stance, citing a clause in Japan’s civil code that states marriage is a union between a man and a woman.
上杉隆子（Takako Uesugi）是东京法院受理有关婚姻平权的诉讼中原告代理律师团队的联合领导人。她指出岸田（Kishida）在对待性少数群体权利问题上的暧昧态度，实际上等同于“支持歧视性对待”。
In response, Takako Uesugi, co-leader of a group of lawyers representing plaintiffs in Tokyo court cases seeking marriage equality, said Kishida’s ambiguity on sexual minority rights was tantamount to “approving of discrimination”.
岸田政府正计划推出一项立法计划，意图促进对LGBTQ+社群的“理解”，他们希望这能安抚外界的批评声浪，但是这份立法计划远没有将同婚合法提上台面 —— 一直以来，舆论对岸田所在的党派一直有所批评：自民党被认为是一个过于保守的老牌政党。
Kishida is hoping that planned legislation that promotes “understanding” of LGBTQ+ people – but which stops well short of legalising equal marriage – will take the sting out of criticism that he has caved in to conservatives in his own party who are increasingly out of step with the public.
“朝日新闻”最近进行的一项民意调查显示，72%的日本选民表示他们认为同性婚姻应该合法化，只有18%的人反对。
In a recent poll by the Asahi Shimbun newspaper, 72% of voters said they believed gay marriage should be legalised, with only 18% opposed.
包括东京在内的约250个日本地方政府，已经为同性伴侣引入了伴侣证书，使他们能够租住公寓、在医疗紧急情况下签署文件以及继承遗产。但这些证书在法律上并不具有约束力，同性伴侣可能会发现自己无法在医院探望对方，也无法获得已婚夫妇可以享受的其他服务。
在东京的一所大学担任治疗师的高坂和她的伴侣已经讨论了她们的未来，但是就目前而言，在日本结婚似乎还是一个遥不可及的前景。
“问题在于，其他人能否将我们也视为一个完整、正常的人来看待呢？。目前看来，他们中的大部分人还无法做到：性少数者作为一个完整的人，应该拥有和其他人一样平等的权利。“正常人们”的态度传达出一个这样的信息：你并不重要……你根本就不存在。”
“It’s about being valued in terms of how the government and the rest of society see you as a person. The lack of recognition that you have equal rights sends the message that you are not important … that you don’t really exist.”
编译 | 高语阳 郭宇航 周旭阳
排版 | 张玉兴
原文链接 | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/02/its-like-we-dont-exist-japan-faces-pressure-to-allow-same-sex-marriage