2021 年,一名英国华人协会成员在伦敦举行的 “停止仇视亚裔 ”集会上发言。
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全文字数:1988字 / 阅读时间:7分钟
During the pandemic, hate crime against the members of east and south-east Asian (ESEA) community rose by almost 70%, underpinned by a xenophobic framing of the virus’ origin. In 2021, the figures remained about 50% above those in 2019.
在英国范围内,疫情期间,受仇外心理的驱使,针对东亚和东南亚群体(ESEA* )的仇恨犯罪行为上升近 70%。2021 年,这个数字仍比 2019 年高出约 50%。
译注:ESEA(members of east and south-east Asian communities),即东亚和东南亚群体。具体而言,该研究所针对人群需来自以下地区:(东亚)中国、香港、澳门、蒙古、日本、朝鲜、韩国和台湾。(东南亚)文莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国、东帝汶和越南。
据估计,英国共有 95.8 万多人拥有东亚或东南亚血统。其中,华裔人数最多,约占 53%,其次是菲律宾裔,约占 19%。
2024 年 4 月,公益组织“保护方法”(Protection Approaches)和莱斯特大学仇恨行为研究中心在英国开展了一项研究。结果显示,统计数据只是管中窥豹,实际情况更加糟糕。
2021年7月10日,在伦敦议会广场举行的 "停止亚裔仇恨 "抗议活动中,一名抗议者在标语牌上写下 "仇恨是病毒"。
研究数据概览:
针对ESEA群体的仇恨犯罪的规模和性质
The Scale and Nature of Hate Crime Targeting ESEA Communities
• Circa 45% (430,000) of ESEA community members in the UK were subjected to a hate crime in the previous 12 months
英国约 45% 的 ESEA 群体在过去 12 个月中遭受过仇恨犯罪的侵害。
• We estimate that close to one million hate incidents targeting ESEA community members were committed in the previous 12 months
据估计,在过去 12 个月中,针对 ESEA 社区成员的仇恨事件接近 100 万起。
• 5% of incidents in the previous 12 months included violent crime such as physical assault or mugging
在过去 12 个月中,暴力犯罪事件占 5%,如人身攻击或抢劫。
图表:每个受访者报告在过去 12 个月中遭受的仇恨犯罪数量
创伤反应:
遭遇仇恨犯罪对受害者的影响
What are the impacts on hate crime victims?
• 99% of those who have been subjected to hate crime suffered negative impacts to their wellbeing
99% 的仇恨犯罪受害者的心理健康遭到损害。
• 4% of participants have felt suicidal due to being subjected to hate crime
4% 的参与者曾因遭受仇恨犯罪而有自杀倾向。
• Only 5% of victims have ever accessed support following a hate crime
只有 5% 的受害者在遭受仇恨犯罪后获得过帮助。
许多受调查者因为过往伤害而改变了生活方式,如 54% 的人避开了特定的地方,16% 的人改变了外表或衣着,13% 的人想过搬家,8% 的人试图换工作或学校。
“This is an experience anyone who has faced hate will know, from the gay couple anxious to express their love in public, to the Muslim woman afraid to wear hijab, to the Jewish man worried about wearing a kippa.”
“从惧怕公开表达爱意的同性情侣,到不敢戴头巾的穆斯林女性,再到担心戴六芒星小圆帽会带来麻烦的犹太人,每个遭受过仇恨犯罪的人都清楚这其中滋味。”东南亚裔的英国国会议员莎拉·欧文(Sarah Owen)说。
“没有人该因为自己的身份、信仰或着装方式而感到被排斥在公共场所之外,或者必须改变自己以避免成为仇恨犯罪的目标。但数据显示,许多人正在这样做。”
尽管产生了如此严重的影响,但在经历过仇恨犯罪的人中,只有 5% 的人在事后在相关组织处获得了心理疏导;在 18 名因遭受仇恨犯罪而产生自杀倾向的参与者中,只有 4 人得到了帮助;而在 128 名感到抑郁的人中,只有 7% 的人寻求过支持。
图表:受访者在经历仇恨犯罪后报告受到的每种影响的百分比(受访者可报告多种影响)
沉默的受害者:
报告与真实犯罪数量间的差距
The level of hate crime reporting
• As with other instances of hate crime, under-reporting is chronic:Just 1 in 10 of those who were subjected to hate crime in the past 12 months reported the incident to police
与其他仇恨犯罪案件一样,不报案的现象长期存在:在过去 12 个月中,只有 10% 的仇恨犯罪受害者向警方报案。
• 63% of participants who did not report their experience of hate crime to police felt the police would not take it seriously
选择不报警的主要原因(占比 63%)是不相信警方会认真对待他们的案件。
图表:受访者在过去 12 个月中没有向警方报告遭仇恨犯罪经历的各原因百分比
“The Conservative government is continuing to drag its feet on the publication of a desperately needed new hate crime strategy.……We must restore faith in our justice system, to see everyone protected and justice for all, not just a few.”
“仇恨犯罪问题亟待出台新的战略解决,保守党政府却在持续拖延。”莎拉·欧文说,“我们必须重振人们对司法系统的信心。正义应当伸张,并且不只供给少数人。”
End
原文链接:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/apr/24/hate-crime-east-asians-uk-covid-racism
University of Southampton lecturer 'beaten up in racist attack' - BBC News
https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/131c96cc-7e6f-4c06-ae37-6550dbd85dde/Report%20
%20ESEA%20communities'%20experiences%20of%20hate.pdf
编译 | 王诗怡 武悦然
排版 | 王诗怡
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