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9月8日，一场青年抗议浪潮在短短几天内席卷尼泊尔政坛，迫使总理辞职并使尼泊尔迎来历史上首位女总理，而前政府所颁布的“社交媒体禁令”正是压倒尼泊尔前总理奥利执政生涯的最后一根稻草。
尼泊尔新任女总理苏希拉·卡尔基
图源：路透社
Part1: 愤怒之火 席卷首都
On Sept. 4, the government abruptly suspended most social media, such as Instagram, Facebook and Whatspp. It was widely seen by anti-corruption activists as an attempt to quell their campaign exposing the luxury lives of Nepal's elite. That led to thousands protesting in Kathmandu on Sept. 8.
9月4日，尼泊尔政府突然叫停多数社交媒体服务，如Instagram、Facebook和Whatsapp。反腐活动人士普遍认为，政府以封禁社交媒体为手段，来压制民众揭露尼泊尔精英阶层奢靡生活的行动。突如其来的禁封导致数千人于9月8日在加德满都发起抗议。
In Kathmandu, protesters attempted to enter the Parliament building. Police in the capital fired tear gas and rubber bullets at protesters. "The police have been firing indiscriminately," one protester told the ANI news agency.
在加德满都，抗议者试图进入议会大楼。首都的警方向试图冲击议会的抗议者发射了催泪瓦斯和橡皮子弹。一名抗议者告诉印度新闻社（ANI）：“警方一直在无差别开火。”
据尼泊尔警方发言人Ramesh Thapa称，这场暴力事件造成 70 余人死亡，数千人受伤。
人们在“烈士永生”字样旁点燃蜡烛，举行默哀仪式，纪念在近期抗议冲突中丧生的人们
图源：Arun Sankar/AFP via Getty Images
随着抗议示威演变为暴力冲突，尼泊尔政府8日晚些时候解除了社交媒体禁令，但这依然未能平息抗议者的愤怒。
2025年9月8日，尼泊尔加德满都，学生举行抗议活动，反对腐败及政府禁止社交媒体平台的行为。
图片来源：Ambir Tolang/NurPhoto
抗议者与警方发生冲突之外，尼泊尔监狱管理局数据显示，全国共有28所监狱和9所少年管教所发生越狱事件，总计14,549名在押人员在骚乱中逃脱。
面对不断升级的局势，尼泊尔前总理奥利于9日宣布辞职，尼泊尔内政部长、供水部长、农业和畜牧业发展部长等多名官员也已递交辞呈。
尼泊尔需要组建临时政府，由于前首席大法官苏希拉·卡尔基的政治中立性，一些活动家提议由其出任总理。经过在线社交平台Discord上的投票，抗议者从五位候选人中选择了卡尔基。
9月12日晚，卡尔基在总统府宣誓就任尼泊尔临时政府总理。
Karki is regarded as an "incorruptible official" among Nepalese youth. During her tenure as Chief Justice from 2016 to 2017, she became known for her firm stance of "zero tolerance for corruption" and her commitment to upholding judicial independence.
卡尔基在尼泊尔年轻人心中是个“清官”。在2016年到2017年担任首席大法官期间，她就以“对腐败采取零容忍”的强硬态度以及维护司法独立而闻名。
There's optimism among the youth. When the interim leader took an oath, many defied curfew to sing and celebrate on the streets.
青年群体中弥漫着乐观情绪。临时政府领导人宣誓就职时，许多民众不顾宵禁禁令上街欢庆。
尼泊尔临时政府总理卡尔基（前排右侧）于9月13日抵达加德满都国家创伤中心医院，探望在与安全部队冲突中受伤的伤者。
图源：Arun Sankar/AFP via Getty Images
Part2: 愤怒之源 -- 公平vs腐败
"Our movement was motivated by two things," says Abhiyan Sapkota, a 27-year-old civil engineer who participated in the protests, "unemployment and government corruption."
参加抗议活动的 27 岁土木工程师Abhiyan Sapkota说：“我们的运动受到两件事的推动——失业和政府腐败。”
尼泊尔青年高举“Save The Future”抗议标语
图源：Sunil Pradhan/Anadolu via Getty Images
For months, young Nepalis sought to highlight the stunning contrast between the country's masses and its wealthy elites, pulling together montages of social media images and videos uploaded by the children of prominent politicians.
几个月来，尼泊尔的年轻人一直试图凸显该国平民百姓与富裕精英阶层之间惊人的反差，他们将知名政客子女上传的社交媒体图片和视频剪辑成蒙太奇。
The campaign, using variations of hashtags like #NepoKids, came amid mounting frustration with politicians who are widely seen as using public money to enrich themselves.
这场活动使用了#NepoKids等各种主题标签，其背景是人们对政客们越来越不满，普遍认为他们利用公款中饱私囊。
“NepoKids” 是一个网络流行标签，源自 “nepotism”（裙带关系、任人唯亲） 的缩写。NepoKids 常指那些因为父母或家庭背景，尤其是政界、商界、娱乐圈等有权有势的家庭，而享有特权或机会的“官二代”和“富二代”。
一名省级内阁部长之子索加特·塔帕（Saugat Thapa）的一张照片在网上疯传。照片中，一大堆来自LV、古驰、卡地亚和克里斯汀·鲁布托的礼品盒，上面装饰着彩灯和圣诞饰品。
图源：Instagram
这些在欧洲度假的尼泊尔权贵精英与其大多数海外公民形成了鲜明对比——大多数尼泊尔公民在国外从事搬运工、士兵和建筑工人等低薪工作。
Wealth “without visible function,” Hannah Arendt once warned, breeds more resentment than do oppression or exploitation “because nobody can understand why it should be tolerated.”
正如政治哲学家汉娜・阿伦特曾警示的那样，这种 “缺乏明确社会功能的财富” 所引发的怨恨，远胜于压迫或剥削，“因为没人能理解为什么这种财富应该被容忍。”
抗议者的诉求是什么？
Their demands have been clear: the government lifting the ban on social media, which has now happened, and officials putting an end to what they call "corrupt practices".
抗议者的诉求一直十分明确：一是要求政府解除社交媒体禁令（目前该禁令已解除），二是要求官员终止他们口中的 “腐败行径”。
Protesters, many of them college students, have linked the social media blockade with curtailing freedom of speech, and widespread allegations of corruption among politicians.
此次抗议者中许多是大学生，他们将社交媒体封锁与言论自由受限、政客群体普遍遭指控的腐败问题联系在一起。
"We want to see an end to corruption in Nepal," Binu KC, a 19-year-old college student, told BBC Nepali. "Leaders promise one thing during elections but never deliver. They are the cause of so many problems."
“我们希望尼泊尔的腐败能彻底终结，”19 岁的大学生Binu KC在接受 BBC 尼泊尔语频道采访时表示，“政客们在选举时许下各种承诺，却从未兑现。他们才是诸多问题的根源。”
Subhana Budhathoki, a content creator, echoed the frustration: "Gen Z will not stop now. This protest is about more than just social media - it's about silencing our voices, and we won't let that happen."
内容创作者Subhana Budhathoki也表达了类似的不满：“Z 世代不会就此罢休。这场抗议远不止是为了社交媒体 —— 这关乎有人试图压制我们的声音，而我们绝不会让这种事发生。”
part3： 一场“抢椅子”般的政治游戏？
外交专家Sushant Sareen（苏尚特·萨林）就尼泊尔的动荡局势发表了看法，他将其比作一场抢椅子游戏.
自2008年以来，尼泊尔已经历 14 个政府，严重的收入不平等和超过 20% 的青年失业率推动了多次起义。大部分20多岁的年轻人，有三分之一的人已经离开尼泊尔去找工作。
"The situation in Nepal has not been very good. There were a lot of economic pressures. The politics was like stagnant water. There was political turmoil. The governments were changing within a year or a year and a half. The political leaders were playing 'Kaun Banega Pradhan Mantri（Who will become the Prime Minister?）' instead of addressing public issues," said Sareen
"尼泊尔的局势一直不太好。面临着很大的经济压力。政治就像一潭死水。存在政治动荡。政府在一两年内就会更迭。政治领袖们不是在解决公共问题，而是在玩'谁将成为总理'的游戏，"Sareen说。
Sareen接受媒体采访
图源：The Tribune India
Part 4：新政府能否肩负起Gen-Z的期望？
Sushila Karki has pledged to address the root causes of deadly Gen Z-led protests … “The protests reflect the aspirations of the young generation, a growing level of popular awareness and dissatisfaction over the rising corruption.” Karki said.
卡尔基承诺要解决那场由 Gen Z 发起的致命抗议的根源问题。她说：“这些抗议反映了年轻一代的诉求，是一种不断上升的民众觉醒与对腐败日益增长的不满。”
2025 年 9 月 8 日，在尼泊尔加德满都，一名示威者站在一辆车顶上，在议会入口附近挥舞旗帜，抗议腐败以及政府封锁多个社交媒体平台的决定。
图源 路透社／Navesh Chitrakar
卡尔基政府已经开始采取行动。她承诺成立一个反腐委员会，并设立一个小组调查针对抗议者的袭击事件。
"If the Karki experiment does not work and is unable to successfully lay a path for the next credible government then the risk is that the country could be thrown into another decade of unrest." said Puranjan Acharya, an independent analyst and a former government adviser in the 90s.
“如果卡尔基的改革实验失败，未能成功为下一个可信的政府铺路，国家可能会再次陷入十年动荡，”独立分析师、90年代的前政府顾问Puranjan Acharya表示。
尼泊尔临时总理苏希拉·卡尔基在加德满都图迪克尔的军队阅兵场出席宪法日活动时发表讲话
图源：REUTERS/Stringer
尼泊尔Gen-Z引领的抗议，将尼泊尔的腐败与不公推到台前，也让临时政府在巨大压力下承诺改革。卡尔基能否兑现承诺？临时政府能否真正回应年轻一代的期待？面对这样的局面，你认为尼泊尔的Gen-Z能走多远？
原文链接：
https://www.npr.org/2025/09/20/nx-s1-5545760/nepal-protests-gen-z
https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/nepal-protests-nepal-gen-z-protests-nepals-great-jailbreak-sees-1-man-reverse-course-says-it-was-a-mistake-9260243
https://caliber.az/en/post/over-6-000-prisoners-still-at-large-in-nepal-following-mass-escape-during-protests
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nepal-panel-probe-violence-during-anti-graft-protests-that-killed-74-2025-09-22
https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/nepals-violent-gen-z-uprising
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn4ljv39em7o
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/10/nepal-gen-z-protests-corruption
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/political-leaders-were-playing-kaun-banega-pradhan-mantri-foreign-affairs-expert-sushant-sareen-on-nepals-gen-z-protest/”
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nepals-interim-pm-卡尔基-vows-fix-failures-that-led-deadly-gen-z-protests-2025-09-19
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nepals-caretaker-pm-navigates-fragile-peace-amid-youth-revolt-party-pushback-2025-09-23
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/10/nepal-gen-z-protests-corruptionhttps://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nepal-panel-probe-violence-during-anti-graft-protests-that-killed-74-2025-09-22
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/19/mass-protest-expected-in-philippines-capital-amid-public-fury-over-alleged-corruption-in-government-projects
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/sep/24/how-one-piece-manga-flag-became-symbol-asia-gen-z-protest-movement-liberation
编译｜冯心昱 金兰祎 杨知烨 余果 孟克佳涯
排版｜孟克佳涯