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在11月14日召开的联合国人权理事会特别会议上,2023年4月苏丹内战以来造成的各种人道主义危机被呈现在所有与会者面前,让世界看到了一场简直触目惊心的规模空前的暴力事件。
一、“大屠杀”
自2023年苏丹内战爆发开始,在包括首都喀土穆在内的多座城市中都出现了各种不同程度的暴力事件。而今年10月以来,在不可掩盖的证据面前,苏丹加尔富尔地区的法希尔市所发生的大规模“屠杀”事件开始受到一些媒体的关注。
11月14日,联合国人权理事会一致批准对苏丹法希尔市被认为发生的大规模杀戮事件启动新的独立调查。
"Bloodstains on the ground in el-Fasher have been photographed from space. The stain on the record of the international community is less visible, but no less damaging," UN human rights chief Volker Türk said at an emergency meeting in Geneva on Friday.
“卫星已经拍摄到了法希尔土地上的血迹,而国际社会记录上的污迹虽然不能被直接看见,其危害性却毫不逊色。”联合国人权事务高级专员福尔克尔·蒂尔克在11月14日的日内瓦紧急会议上表示。
耶鲁大学人道研究实验室在社交平台发出的卫星图像显示,法希尔地区的医院附近出现的浅色物体聚集和地面红色变色
美国最高外交官卢比奥表示,快速支援部队在法希尔以最残忍的手段针对妇女和儿童实施暴行。他对记者称:"他们正在实施性暴力和其他恐怖行径,针对妇女、儿童和无辜平民的暴行残忍到令人发指,必须立即停止。"
Non-Arab groups in the wider Darfur region are being systematically targeted by the RSF in what amounts to genocide, according to the US and humanitarian groups.
美国及多个人道组织指出,快速支援部队正在达尔富尔地区系统性地针对非阿拉伯族群实施暴行,这已构成种族灭绝。
Mass killings and millions forced to flee for their lives have made Sudan the "epicentre of suffering in the world", according to the UN's humanitarian affairs chief.
联合国人道主义事务副秘书长汤姆·弗莱彻表示,大规模屠杀和数百万民众被迫逃亡的现状,已使苏丹沦为"全球苦难的中心"。
二、漫长的血腥战争
El Fasher was the Sudanese military’s last remaining stronghold in Darfur, and this past week marks a grave turning point in Sudan’s war. Now two and a half years long, the fight for control of the country between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the RSF has been brutal and relentless.
作为苏丹军方在达尔富尔最后的堡垒,法希尔的陷落标志着苏丹战争迎来严峻转折点。苏丹武装部队与快速支援部队为争夺国家控制权已激战两年半,其残酷程度与持续性令人发指。
这两支力量曾共同执政:2019年民众革命推翻巴希尔总统后,它们与文官组成松散的权力分享联盟。随后双方先联手镇压平民,继而反目成仇。
快速支援部队曾与苏丹军方结盟,但最终关系破裂|图源:路透社
El-Fasher was captured last month by the RSF following an 18-month siege. It was the last city in Darfur held by the army and its allies.
法希尔是达尔富尔地区最后一个由苏丹军队及其盟友控制的城市。这座城市在经历了18个月的围困后在上个月被快速支援部队攻占。
10月31日发布的卫星图像显示,法希尔机场周边区域燃起大火,浓烟滚滚。图片来源:卫星图像 ©2025 Vantor/AFP/Getty Images
Only a small fraction of the population has managed to flee el-Fasher, where massacres are said to have take taken place. Piles of bodies on the ground are visible from space in satellite imagery.
仅有少数民众成功逃离据称发生大屠杀的法希尔。卫星图像显示,地面上堆积的尸骸从太空清晰可见。
三、这里是地狱!
达尔富尔州长米尼·阿尔科·米纳维披露,准军事组织快速支援部队上月底攻占法希尔后展开屠杀狂潮,仅三天内就有2.7万苏丹人遇难。这一数字远超此前外界对苏丹武装部队十月底突然撤离北达尔富尔州首府后屠杀规模的预估。
此前官方及人道工作者统计的死亡人数为2500余人。然而在经历550多天围困的法希尔陷落后数日乃至数周间,大规模屠杀的报道接踵而至,援助人员对极少数平民得以逃离该市的情况发出警报。
2025年10月27日,一名男孩坐在北达尔富尔州塔维拉市一个安置流离失所者的营地里,这些流离失所者是从法希尔逃难到塔维拉的 |图源:路透社
About 12 million people are believed to have been displaced and at least 40,000 killed in the civil war - but aid groups say the true death toll could be far greater.
这场内战已造成约1200万人流离失所,至少4万人丧生——但援助组织称实际死亡人数可能远超统计。
Tom Fletcher, the UN's under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, told that the situation was "horrifying".
联合国人道主义事务副秘书长弗莱彻坦言,苏丹当前局势"骇人听闻"。
四、和平遥遥无期
苏丹军方和反对方的快速支援部队的代表关于结束苏丹内战在沙特阿拉伯和巴林已举行多轮和谈,但均以失败告终。
In early November, the RSF announced it had agreed to a humanitarian truce proposed by the US, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Egypt.However, the army said it would be wary of agreeing to a truce, accusing the RSF of not respecting ceasefires.
11月初,快速支援部队宣布同意由美国、阿联酋、沙特和埃及提出的人道主义停火协议。然而苏丹军方表示将谨慎对待停火,指责快速支援部队历来不遵守停火协议。
援助组织表示,从法希尔市逃至流离失所者营地的儿童和家庭急需医疗救助。图片来源:穆罕默德·贾马勒/美联社
UN health chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has also lamented that there is less global interest in the conflict in Sudan, and other recent conflicts in Africa, compared to crises elsewhere in the world."I think race is in the play here," he said in September 2024.
联合国卫生部长谭德塞亦痛心指出,相较于世界其他地区的危机,全球对苏丹冲突及非洲近期其他冲突的关注度明显不足。他在2024年9月表示:"我认为种族因素在此起作用。"
The International Crisis Group (ICG) think-tank has called diplomatic efforts to end the war "lacklustre", while Amnesty International has labelled the world's response "woefully inadequate".Humanitarian work has also been badly affected by the decision of the Trump administration to cut aid.
国际危机组织智库批评结束战争的外交努力"缺乏活力",大赦国际(另一个智库类机构)则称国际社会的反应"严重不足"。特朗普政府削减援助的决定更使人道工作雪上加霜。
苏丹内战局势地图|来源:BBC
Aid volunteers told the BBC that more than 1,100 - or almost 80% - of the emergency food kitchens have been forced to shut, fuelling the perception that Sudan's conflict is the "forgotten war" of the world.
世界粮食计划署称苏丹超过2400万人面临严重粮食危机。援助志愿者告诉BBC,超过1100家(近80%)紧急供食点被迫关闭,这加剧了苏丹冲突成为世界"被遗忘的战争"的观感。
原文链接:
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70jd4elgwzo
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/nov/03/blood-spilled-sudan-el-fasher-space-rsf-uae-darfur
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c17p1nwy7q8o
https://news.sky.com/story/sudan-epicentre-of-suffering-in-the-world-says-un-humanitarian-chief-13472004
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/darfur-governor-minni-minnawi-says-rsf-killed-27000-sudanese-el-fasher
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cjel2nn22z9o
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/31/sudan-rsf-accused-pr-stunt-after-arresting-fighters-behind-civilian-killings
编译:余果
排版:余果

