|总字数3640,阅读约需7分钟。
相恋多年的前男友迟迟不愿承诺,结果下一个他交往的人却突然成了他“命中注定的另一半”——这几乎是每个女性都会经历(或亲身经历过)的事。这种模式太易引发共鸣,以至于成了《幸运查克》(*)这类爱情喜剧的灵感来源,甚至在《欲望都市》里得了个抓人眼球的名字:“出租车理论”(Cab Theory)。
*影片主角查克因童年拒绝小巫女的示好,被下了一条特殊诅咒 —— 任何和他产生亲密关系的女人,下一个遇到的男人都会是自己的真命天子,并且会迅速步入婚姻。
《欲望都市》(《Sex and the City》)剧照
Part1. 什么是“出租车”理论?
“出租车”理论将一个人在情感成熟过程中的恋爱选择比喻为一辆出租车的运营状态:
· 出租车司机:指代恋爱关系中那个最终安定下来的人(常被默认为男性)。
· “空车”状态:指司机尚未准备好真正安定、处于“巡游”或探索的单身阶段。
· “乘客”:指在此期间与他恋爱的伴侣。
· “下班/泊车”:指司机内心决定结束漂泊、准备建立长期稳定关系的时刻。
The core tenet of the Taxi Cab Theory is that any "companion" one connects with during their emotionally unready phase (analogous to the "available" state of a taxi) is essentially a partner met when they lack sufficient emotional readiness. When one finally resolves to settle down (comparable to a taxi "parking" for good), the last person who enters their life—regardless of how short the time they’ve spent together or how deep their emotional bond—is naturally destined to become their lifelong partner.
该理论的核心观点是:一个人在 “空车”期间搭载的任何“乘客”,本质上都可能是在他情感准备度不足时的伴侣。而当他终于决定“泊车”时,车上的最后一位乘客,无论其上车时间长短或感情深浅,便顺理成章地成为他最终选择的伴侣。
这一比喻在TikTok等社交平台上以 #CabTheory标签如病毒般传播,许多用户分享了大量个人经历,引发强烈共鸣。
YouTube平台上#Cab Theory话题下的一众视频
泰勒·斯威夫特(Taylor Swift)等歌星的音乐中包含很多描写男女间短暂关系的内容,这让流行文化为“出租车”理论提供了丰富而可供参考的情感叙事,并使该理论迅速传播。
《You’re losing me》专辑封面:这首歌中的“我”是出租车理论中的“前一位乘客”,唱尽了在“感情空车”中被耗尽、最终被迫下车的过程。
Part2. 为什么是“出租车”理论?
“For both genders, people often need to get to a place of ‘psychological readiness’ before settling down in a relationship that could progress towards a family,” says Nari Jeter, a licensed couples therapist.
“无论男女,人们通常需要先达到‘心理准备就绪’的状态,才会进入一段可能走向成家的稳定关系,”伴侣治疗师纳里·杰特(Nari Jeter)说。
但杰特认为,男女对“长期关系准备就绪”的定义往往不同——这很大程度上是因为社会灌输的性别规范存在差异。
比如,男性常被鼓励着先一步成为养家糊口的人、需保证经济稳定后再结婚。
“Men have historically been socialised to prioritise their careers, their professions,” says Molly Burrets, PhD, a psychologist and adjunct professor at the University of Southern California’s Department of Marriage and Family Therapy. “They feel they’ve become ‘real adults’ only when they’re able to provide and create a steady, secure life for themselves and their families.”
“从历史上看,整个社会对男性的要求就是优先考虑职业和事业,”心理学家、南加州大学婚姻与家庭治疗系兼职教授莫莉·伯雷茨(Molly Burrets)博士说,“他们觉得只有在能够独立为自己和家人提供稳定、有保障的生活时,才算真正的成年人。”
Women, on the other hand, have long felt c pressure to prioritise marriage, influenced by a ticking biological clock as well as the cultural capital placed on being good wives and mothers, above all else.
而女性长期以来都承受着“优先考虑婚姻”的社会压力,这既受所谓“生物本能”的影响,也受“做个好妻子、好母亲是最高文化资本”这一观念的影响。
电视剧《绝望的主妇》(《Desperate Housewives》)剧照:剧中的主妇们以贤妻良母为核心价值,困于完美人设下的挣扎。
根据皮尤研究中心的统计,1972 年,在美国异性婚姻家庭中,收入与丈夫持平或更高的女性占比为16%;到2022年,这一比例上升至45%。尽管现实中情况已经改变,但这种深入人心的社会预期依然存在。
It’s also possible that women are more adept at prioritising romantic relationships alongside career and personal goals—rather than viewing it as a separate milestone to achieve later.
此外,女性可能更擅长在发展事业和个人目标的同时兼顾恋爱关系,而不是把婚姻当作后来要完成的独立里程碑。
“出租车理论”可以比较形象地解释为什么一个男人会说“和你没有未来”、却很快和另一个人步入下一情感阶段。但和大多数感情规则一样,它简化了“确定谁是真命天子”这个高度个人化的复杂过程。
Part3. “出租车”理论忽略了什么?
人们都很容易把短暂的关系、或错失的机会归因为某个高大上的理论。但那些看似能证明“出租车理论”的证据,实际上更可能是其他因素的结果。
• Their next relationship may simply be a better match. It might appear as if somebody “suddenly” became emotionally available. But another possibility to consider is that, maybe, “it might just be the case that their new partner is more compatible,” whether in terms of values, communication style or lifestyle.
下一段关系可能只是更契合:看似前任和他的后任在感情层面“突然”变亲近了,但另一种可能是:无论是价值观、沟通方式还是生活方式,“新伴侣其实更合拍”。
• It’s easy to rationalise heartbreak with a universal “rule”. When a breakup is difficult to process—or the reason behind it isn’t clear, and it’s a common coping mechanism to lean on neat, simplified explanations like the Cab Theory to make sense of something so blindsiding and complicated.
用“通用规则”使自己的心碎合理化很容易:当分手难以消化、或原因不明时,一种常见的应对机制是:人们常会依赖“出租车理论”这类简洁且被简化的解释来理解这件令人措手不及的复杂事。
《艾米丽在巴黎》(《Emily in Paris》)剧照:艾米丽与阿尔菲分手后,用“他只是不适合我”这类简化解释合理化心碎,回避关系里的复杂矛盾。
• A new partner can represent a clean slate and fresh chapter. It can offer a sense of mental clarity to settle down with someone new. “Even though past relationships can be remembered with fondness, new relationships bring the promise of new opportunities and fewer unresolved, lingering issues,” Jeter explains, which can sound appealing for anyone excited to move forward and embrace growth.
新伴侣代表着全新的开始:和新人安定下来能带来心理上的清晰感。“虽然过去的关系可能令人怀念,但新关系带来了新机遇,也少了很多未解决的遗留问题,”杰特解释说,这对任何想向前走、拥抱成长的人来说都很有吸引力。
• Heartbreak can show people what they’ve been missing. A breakup could be exactly what pushes someone to reflect, grow and prepare for a long-term connection. By the time they enter a new relationship, then, it might seem like they “suddenly” moved on—but in reality, their change of heart is the result of careful self-reflection.
心碎会让人看清自己的缺失:分手可能正是推动一个人反思、成长并为长期关系做准备的契机。所以当人们进入新关系时,看起来像是“突然”走出来了,但实际上,他们的转变是认真经过自我反思的结果。
归根结底,人们做出承诺的原因很复杂:有些合情合理,有些即便用一套花哨的理论也无从解释——你永远都无法说清。
Part4. 只能是“出租车”理论吗?
除了“出租车”理论,还有以下几种理论可以解释文初我们提及的现象(即前任在分手后与其现任对象迅速推进感情、甚至到了谈婚论嫁的地步):
·依恋理论(Attachment Theory):成年人的亲密关系模式深受童年经历影响,形成安全型、焦虑型、回避型等依恋风格。一个“回避型”或“恐惧型”依恋者,可能会在与你的关系中因害怕亲密而无法承诺。但他通过这段关系获得了安全感或自我成长,就会在下一段关系中变得更有能力承诺。
·关系合同理论(Psychological Contrast in Relationships):每段关系中都存在一份“无形的合同”,包含双方对付出、回报、未来期待等的假设。痛苦常源于合同的不匹配。你可能签署了一份以“最终共同建立家庭”为目标的合同,而他当时签署的或许只是“陪伴与成长”。
·社会时钟理论(Social Clock Theory):人们的选择深受所处人生情境(年龄、事业阶段、朋友圈状态、家庭压力)和“社会时钟”的影响。一个人可能在30岁时因感受到强烈的社会与本能压力而选择结婚,而在其25岁时,同样的关系则可能因“还没玩够”或“事业为先”而结束。
Part5. 如何缓解“出租车”理论的消极影响?
我们可以通过以下几种方法积极应对“出租车”理论带来的消极影响:
·Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) posits that emotions stem not directly from events but from individuals’ perceptions of them. Thus, modifying distorted cognitions, identifying and altering pain-exacerbating automatic thought patterns, and fostering an objective, balanced perspective can alleviate emotional distress.
·认知行为疗法(CBT)理论认为,人的情绪并非直接由事件本身引起,而是由我们对事件的看法所决定。因此,改变扭曲的认知,学习识别并改变那些加剧痛苦的自动化思维模式,建立更客观平衡的视角,有助于缓解情绪上的苦痛。
·The core of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is shifting attention from a painful past to a more meaningful future, constructing a value-aligned life to enhance psychological flexibility and reduce rumination. Clarify key life domains, take small consistent actions, and rebuild a sense of control and meaning.
·接纳与承诺疗法(ACT) 的核心是:将注意力焦点从痛苦的过去转向更有意义的未来,构建更符合个人价值观的未来生活,从而提升心理灵活性,减少思维反刍。明确对自己真正重要的人生领域,并开始投入一些微小的、与之相符的具体行动,重新建立对生活的掌控感和意义感。
·Drawing on this experience, define needs and non-negotiables in future relationships. Learn to communicate and uphold personal boundaries gently yet firmly, preserve personal energy, and lay the groundwork for mutually respectful relationships.
·基于这段经历,清晰明确自己在未来关系中需要什么、不能接受什么,并学会如何温和而坚定地沟通和维护这些个人界限,保护个人能量,为建立相互尊重的关系奠定基础。
结尾
或许你曾被“出租车”理论伤害过吗?你认同“出租车”理论吗?你认为还有什么方法可以摆脱“出租车”理论的负面影响?如果可以,请让在评论区讲述你的故事!
相关链接
https://www.vogue.in/content/did-your-ex-boyfriend-marry-the-girl-he-dated-after-you-theres-a-theory-for-that
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/is_there_a_right_time_to_get_married
https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2021/09/relationship-contract-exercise-communication/620032/
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/attachment
https://www.attachmentproject.com/attachment-result/anxious-c1/?token=52efe1066a65515c8e5d94c15d247cf1
https://www.attachmentproject.com/attachment-result/anxious-c1/?token=52efe1066a65515c8e5d94c15d247cf1
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