字数：1853字
约4mins
Part1重启动因
In a speech to troops in Varces-Allières-et-Risset in the French Alps, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, said the service would begin by mid-2026 and help France respond to “accelerating threats” on the global stage on 27 Nov 2025.
为应对法国在全球舞台上面临的日益加剧的安全威胁，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙于 2025 年 11 月 27 日在阿尔卑斯山瓦尔塞-阿利耶尔-里塞特向部队发表讲话时宣布，法国将于 2026 年年中重新启动兵役制度。
Young volunteers will serve in uniform for 10 months in France’s mainland and oversea territories only, not in military operations abroad
年轻的志愿者将身着制服在法国本土和海外领土服役 10 个月，不会参与海外军事行动。
"In this uncertain world where might triumphs over right, war is in the present tense," said Macron. The armed forces would benefit from motivated young French men and women, he added: "It is an act of trust in our youth."
马克龙说：“在这个强权凌驾于正义之上的动荡世界里，战争已然来临。”他还补充道，法国军队将受益于充满活力的法国青年男女：“这是对我们青年一代的信任。”
法国军队长期面临招募不足的问题。法国军方高层希望此举能够建立一支训练有素的预备役，为职业军人提供支持，并在非前线任务中取代他们。
图源： Romain Doucelin/Pool/ABACA/图片联盟
General Fabien Mandon, the country's armed forces chief, last week warned that the nation must prepare for potential future losses in the face of Russian aggression. He said France lacked "the strength of character to accept suffering in order to protect who we are," adding that the country must "accept losing its children."
法国武装部队总司令法比安·曼东将军上周警告说，面对俄罗斯的侵略，法国必须为未来可能遭受的损失做好准备。他表示，法国缺乏“为捍卫自身本色而承受苦难的品格力量"，并补充说，法国必须“接受失去子女的代价.”
自2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来，整个欧洲的安全观发生深刻变化。过去长期依赖北约保护的安全架构被打破，欧洲国家开始重新评估自身的防务能力。
The pressures are both demographic and operational. France is getting older. With birth rates falling and the over-65s representing almost 22% of the population, finding able bodies will get harder. At the same time, the risk of high-intensity warfare is rising, with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine leading to a more honest reappraisal of the gaps in French and European capability .
压力既来自人口结构，也来自作战能力。法国人口正在老龄化。随着出生率下降，65岁以上人口占总人口近22%，寻找合格的劳动力将变得更加困难。与此同时，高强度战争的风险也在上升，俄罗斯与乌克兰的战争促使人们更加诚实地重新评估法国和欧洲各国的能力差距。
2025年11月27日，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在法国阿尔卑斯山瓦尔塞斯军事基地发表讲话，宣布成立新的国家兵役制度。讲话前，他检阅了部队。图片来源：路透社/Pool
Part2 兵役新政：全民体验与国防目标
France currently has around 200,000 military personnel and a further 47,000 reservists. The new scheme should usher in a three-tier structure, comprising professionals, reservists and volunteers.
法国目前拥有约20万现役军人和4.7万预备役人员。新方案将建立一个三级结构，包括职业军人、预备役人员和志愿者。
该计划将于明年夏天启动，主要针对 18 岁和 19 岁的年轻人，首先选拔3000名青年，然后逐步增加，到2030年每年招募10000名青年。他们每月至少可获得 800 欧元（约6539人民币）的津贴。马克龙补充说，法国的目标是到2035年每年招募50000名志愿者，这一数字将根据全球形势进行调整。
图片来源：路透社/Pool
Volunteers will hold military status and receive wages and equipment. After a one-month training, they will be assigned for nine months to a unit in which they will perform the same missions as active military personnel, he detailed.
马克龙详细表明，志愿者将享有军人身份，并获得工资和装备。经过一个月的培训后，他们将被分配到某个部队，执行为期九个月的任务，与现役军人执行相同的任务。
They will then join the military reserve and continue their education or start working. Those who wish will be able to start a professional career in the active military, Macron said.
之后，他们将加入军事预备役，继续接受教育或开始工作。马克龙表示，有意愿的人可以选择在现役部队开启职业生涯。
图片来源：路透社/Pool
Part 3：欧洲其他国家如何应对？
荷兰、保加利亚、比利时、德国、波兰和罗马尼亚等各国纷纷开始加强推进志愿兵役制度。
Germany is also turning to military service as part of a major rearmament plan, while Poland has floated training every adult male.
德国正在将义务兵役作为一项重大重整军备计划的一部分，而波兰则提出了对所有成年男性进行军事训练的方案。
拥有核武器的法国是欧盟唯一具备全球影响力的军事强国，恢复国民服役是一项重大的政治举措。| Clement Mahoudeau/Getty Images
Only this month, the Belgian defence ministry sent letters to 17-year-olds inviting them to volunteer for about €2,000 (RMB16421) a month.Further east, Lithuania and Latvia have compulsory schemes, with cadets chosen by lottery. Sweden, which recently joined Nato, has started a nine- to 15-month military service with selection on merit.
就在本月，比利时国防部向 17 岁的青少年发出邀请，请他们担任志愿者，每月可获得约 2000 欧元（约16421人民币）的报酬。再往东，立陶宛和拉脱维亚实行义务兵役制，学员通过抽签选拔。最近加入北约的瑞典则开始实行9至15个月的兵役制，择优录取。
Some European countries, like Finland and Greece, have never stopped military service, while the Swiss are to vote on Sunday on replacing mandatory service for men with compulsory civic duty for all.
芬兰和希腊等一些欧洲国家从未停止过兵役制度，而瑞士将于11月30日（周日）投票决定是否以全民强制公民义务取代男性强制兵役。
图源：法新社
参考链接：
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/26/as-france-prepares-military-expansion-how-is-europe-beefing-up-its-armies
https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/france-introduces-voluntary-military-service-which-european-countries-have-conscription-13954684.html#goog_rewarded
https://www.politico.eu/article/france-vladimir-putin-russia-emmanuel-macron-europe-military-service-bandwagon/
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-11-28/france-s-macron-plans-voluntary-military-service-beef-up-ranks-of-reservists
https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/frances-macron-eyeing-geopolitical-threats-set-unveil-voluntary-military-service-2025-11-27/
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0edw7g7z79o
编译：杨知烨
排版：杨知烨
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