《HIGHER-ORDER ABERRATIONS IN EYES WITH SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE》(Retina.2020. 40(4):735-742.）
《硅油填充眼的高阶像差》
Purpose
To investigate the changes in higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after silicone oil removal and to evaluate their associations with visual acuity.
目的：探讨硅油取出术后高阶像差（HOAs）的变化及评估其与视力的关系。
Methods
Fifty-nine eyes of 58 patients who underwent SO removal were included. Total, corneal, and internal optic HOAs, and best-corrected visual acuity were measured before and 1 month after SO removal, and changes were compared between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.
方法：入组58个接受硅油取出术患者的59只眼。术前及硅油取出术后1个月分别测量总HOA、角膜HOA、内HOA和最佳矫正视力，比较有晶状体眼和假性晶状体眼的变化。
Results
Total ocular and internal optic HOAs decreased significantly after SO removal both in pseudophakic (n = 40, all P < 0.001) and phakic eyes (n = 19, P = 0.017, P = 0.004). Preoperative HOAs ( P < 0.001) and changes in HOAs ( P = 0.006) were greater in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity was significantly improved after SO removal, from 20/105 to 20/78 ( P < 0.001) in pseudophakic eyes, whereas there was no difference in phakic eyes ( P = 0.714). Preoperative HOAs and the reduction in HOAs after SO removal were greater in best-corrected visual acuity–improved eyes than best-corrected visual acuity–unchanged eyes ( P < 0.001).
结果：硅油取出术后，假性晶状体眼（n=40，均P<0.001）和晶状体眼（n=19，P=0.017，P=0.004）的总眼和内眼HOAs均显著降低。假性晶状体眼的术前HOAs（P<0.001）和术后HOAs变化（P=0.006）明显大于晶状体眼。硅油取出术后假性晶状体眼最佳矫正视力由20/105提高到20/78（P<0.001），而晶状体眼的术后视力改变无差异（P=0.714）。最佳矫正视力（改善眼）比最佳矫正视力（未改变眼）术前和术后的HOAs降低幅度更大（P<0.001）。
Conclusion
Silicone oil tamponade induced an increase in HOAs, and these increases were greater in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes. Silicone oil may cause additional visual impairments because of HOAs, beyond those caused by retinal diseases, particularly in pseudophakic eyes.
结论：硅油填塞可引起HOAs的升高，假性晶状体眼的HOAs升高幅度大于晶状体眼。HOAs的改变预示，特别是在假性晶状体眼中，硅油可能会导致除了那些由视网膜疾病引起的额外的视觉损伤。
《Association Between Clinical Biomarkers and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus》（Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2020, 61: 4.）
2型糖尿病临床生物标志物和光学相干断层扫描血管造影参数之间的关联
Purpose
To investigate the clinical significance of the changes in the macular microvasculature in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 without diabetic retinopathy.
目的： 探讨无糖尿病性视网膜病变的2型糖尿病患者黄斑微血管变化的临床意义。
Methods
Fifty-five patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 without diabetic retinopathy and 48 healthy individuals were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. We identified the changes of optical coherence tomography angiography parameters (foveal avascular zone [FAZ] area and circularity, vessel density, and perfusion index) of the 6 × 6-mm macular scan. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed between optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and previously known diabetes mellitus type 2-related demographic and systemic characteristics, and serum biochemical markers.
方法：55例无糖尿病性视网膜病变的2型糖尿病患者和48名健康个体入选了前瞻性横断面研究。我们确定了6×6毫米黄斑扫描的光学相干断层扫描血管造影参数（中心凹无血管区域面积和圆形度，血管密度和灌注指数）的变化。在光学相干断层扫描血管造影参数和先前已知的2型糖尿病相关人口和系统特征与血清标记物之间进行了相关性和多元回归分析。
Results
FAZ parameters and perfusion index of the superficial and deep vascular plexus showed significant correlation with serum insulin level, and homeostasis model assessment indices. In multiple linear regression analysis, low insulin levels predicted increased FAZ areas in both the superficial (β = –0.007; P = 0.030) and deep layers (β = –0.010; P = 0.018) and a decreased perfusion index in the deep layer (β = 0.003; P = 0.001).
结果：浅层和深层血管丛的中心凹无血管区域参数和灌注指数与血清胰岛素水平和稳态模型评估指标呈显着相关。在多元线性回归分析中，低胰岛素水平预测浅层（β= –0.007; P = 0.030）和深层（β= –0.010; P = 0.018）的中心凹无血管区域面积增加，和减少深层灌注指数。（β= 0.003；P = 0.001）。
Conclusion
The expansion and loss of circularity of the FAZ and the decrease in the perfusion index may be affected by insulin resistance and secretory capacity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with no diabetic retinopathy.
结论： 在没有糖尿病性视网膜病变的2型糖尿病患者中，胰岛素抵抗和分泌能力可能影响中心凹无血管区域扩张和圆度缺失以及灌注指数的降低。
《The Course of Visual Recovery after Optic Neuritis: Experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial》（Ophthalmology 2020;127:S174-S81.）
《视神经炎后视力恢复的过程:视神经炎治疗试验的经验》
Purpose
To define the time course of visual recovery after optic neuritis and factors predictive of this course in the patients enrolled in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial.
目的：确定视神经炎患者视神经炎后视力恢复的时间进程和影响因素。
Methods
The cohort for this study consisted of the 438 patients who completed the 6-month follow-up visit. Visual acuity was measured at baseline and at seven follow-up visits during the first 6 months. Factors predictive of recovery were evaluated with univariate and multivariate statistical tests.
方法：本研究的队列包括完成6个月随访的438名患者。在前6个月的基线和7次随访中测量视力。通过单变量和多变量的统计检验对预后因素进行评估。
Results
Visual recovery was rapid in all three treatment groups. In almost all patients, regardless of treatment group and initial severity of visual loss, improvement began within the first month. Among the 278 patients with baseline visual acuity of 20/ 50 or worse, all patients improved at least one line of visual acuity, and all except six improved at least three lines, during the 6-month follow-up period. Baseline visual acuity was the best predictor of the 6-month visual acuity outcome (P = 0.0001). Older age was statistically associated with a slightly worse outcome (P = 0.02), but this appeared to be of no clinical importance.
结果：三个治疗组的视力恢复都很快。几乎所有的患者，不论治疗组和初期视力损失的严重程度，在第一个月内就开始改善。278例基线视力为20/ 50或更差的患者，在6个月的随访期间，所有患者至少改善了一条视力线，除6例外，所有患者至少改善了3条视力线。基线视力是6个月视力结果的最佳预测因子(P = 0.0001)。在统计学上，年龄越大，预后越差(P = 0.02)，但这似乎没有临床意义。
Conclusion
In most patients with optic neuritis, visual recovery is rapid. The only factor of value in predicting the visual outcome is initial severity of visual loss. However, even when initial loss is severe, visual recovery is still good in most patients. Patients not following the usual course of visual recovery should be considered atypical. For such patients, further investigation in regard to etiology of the visual loss may be appropriate.
结论：大部分视神经炎患者视力恢复较快。预测视力恢复结果的唯一有价值的因素是最初视力丧失的严重程度。然而，即使最初的视力损失很严重，大多数患者的视力恢复仍然很好。没有遵循正常视力恢复过程的患者应被认为是非典型的。对于这样的患者，进一步调查视力丧失的病因可能是合适的。
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