
为什么有些木门、木地板、木制家具等木制品销售出去以后会出现开裂、变形等质量问题呢?
显然,这些问题和木材的含水率紧密相连的。
01
什么是含水率?
木材中的水分含量多少通常用含水率或含水量 (Moisture content,简称MC)来表示,即用木材中水分的质量与木材质量之比的百分数的方式表示。

含水率(质量含水率)moisture content
规定条件下测得的纺织材料中水分的重量占纤维湿重的百分数,不同于回潮率。
简单地说就是:
含水率=(湿重-土粒重)/湿重×100%
回潮率=(湿重-干重)/干重×100%
02
掌握木材含水率的重要性
对于高素质的采购木制品的部门,随着专业知识的不断增长,也越来越多地注重木制品的含水率指标。过去国外的采购商就很注重这一指标,许多做出口产品和半成品的木业厂家对此深有体会。
一般而言,木制品制作完成后,造型、材质都不会再改变,此时决定木制品内在质量的关键因素主要就是木材含水率和干燥应力。

方料烘烤比板料烘烤难度大,因为料大,内部湿度难控制稍微掌握不好就会出现大面积干裂、变形以及曲翘的问题。
03
木材干燥,应该干燥到什么程度呢?


图:老挝大红酸枝(交趾黄檀)婴儿车餐椅
04
木材平衡含水率:

05
我国主要城市木材平衡含水率年平均值:
城 市 |
平衡含 水率% |
城 市 |
平衡含 水率% |
城 市 |
平衡含 水率% |
11.4 |
12.1 |
14.8 |
|||
13.6 |
11.8 |
15.4 |
|||
13.3 |
14.3 |
16.5 |
|||
13.4 |
11.3 |
17.3 |
|||
13.0 |
11.5 |
16.0 |
|||
11.2 |
16.0 |
16.5 |
|||
12.2 |
15.9 |
15.6 |
|||
11.7 |
8.6 |
15.4 |
|||
11.8 |
15.4 |
14.4 |
|||
11.7 |
13.5 |
15.1 |
|||
14.4 |
16.0 |
17.3 |
|||
12.4 |
14.9 |
16.4 |
06
含水率实验室测量的方法:





城市 月份 |
一 |
二 |
三 |
四 |
五 |
六 |
七 |
八 |
九 |
十 |
十一 |
十二 |
年平均 |
北京 |
10.3 |
10.7 |
10.6 |
8.5 |
9.8 |
11.1 |
14.7 |
15.6 |
12.8 |
12.2 |
12.0 |
10.8 |
11.4 |
哈尔滨 |
17.2 |
15.1 |
12.4 |
10.8 |
10.1 |
13.2 |
15.0 |
14.5 |
14.6 |
14.0 |
12.3 |
15.2 |
13.6 |
16.0 |
14.6 |
11.9 |
9.8 |
9.4 |
12.5 |
13.6 |
13.1 |
13.8 |
12.9 |
13.5 |
14.5 |
12.9 |
|
16.0 |
14.8 |
13.2 |
11.0 |
10.3 |
13.2 |
15.1 |
15.0 |
14.5 |
13.0 |
13.9 |
14.9 |
13.7 |
|
15.8 |
14.2 |
12.9 |
11.1 |
10.8 |
13.9 |
14.5 |
15.1 |
14.9 |
13.7 |
14.5 |
16.0 |
13.9 |
|
克山 |
18.0 |
16.4 |
13.5 |
10.5 |
9.9 |
13.3 |
15.5 |
15.1 |
14.9 |
13.7 |
14.6 |
16.1 |
14.3 |
长春 |
14.3 |
13.8 |
11.7 |
10.0 |
10.1 |
13.8 |
15.3 |
15.7 |
14.0 |
13.5 |
13.8 |
14.6 |
13.3 |
15.2 |
13.7 |
11.9 |
10.0 |
10.4 |
13.5 |
15.0 |
15.3 |
14.0 |
13.5 |
14.2 |
14.8 |
13.2 |
|
沈阳 |
14.1 |
13.1 |
12.0 |
10.9 |
11.4 |
13.8 |
15.5 |
15.6 |
13.9 |
14.3 |
14.2 |
14.5 |
13.4 |
大连 |
12.6 |
12.8 |
12.3 |
10.6 |
12.2 |
14.3 |
18.3 |
16.9 |
14.6 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
12.3 |
13.0 |
呼和浩特 |
12.5 |
11.3 |
9.9 |
9.1 |
8.6 |
11.0 |
13.0 |
12.1 |
11.9 |
11.1 |
12.1 |
12.8 |
11.2 |
天津 |
11.6 |
12.1 |
11.6 |
9.7 |
10.5 |
11.9 |
14.4 |
15.2 |
13.2 |
12.7 |
13.8 |
12.1 |
12.1 |
太原 |
12.3 |
11.6 |
10.9 |
9.1 |
9.3 |
10.6 |
12.6 |
14.5 |
13.8 |
12.7 |
12.8 |
12.6 |
11.7 |
石家庄 |
11.9 |
12.1 |
11.7 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
10.6 |
13.7 |
14.9 |
13.0 |
12.8 |
12.6 |
12.1 |
11.8 |
济南 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
11.1 |
9.0 |
9.6 |
9.8 |
13.4 |
15.2 |
12.2 |
11.0 |
12.2 |
12.8 |
11.7 |
青岛 |
13.2 |
14.0 |
13.9 |
13.0 |
14.9 |
17.1 |
20.0 |
18.3 |
14.3 |
12.8 |
13.1 |
13.5 |
14.4 |
郑州 |
13.2 |
14.0 |
14.1 |
11.2 |
10.6 |
10.2 |
14.0 |
14.6 |
13.2 |
12.4 |
13.4 |
13.0 |
12.4 |
12.9 |
13.5 |
13.0 |
11.9 |
10.6 |
10.2 |
13.7 |
15.9 |
11.1 |
12.4 |
13.2 |
12.8 |
12.7 |
|
乌鲁木齐 |
16.0 |
18.8 |
15.5 |
14.6 |
8.5 |
8.8 |
8.4 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
11.2 |
15.9 |
18.7 |
12.7 |
银川 |
13.6 |
11.9 |
10.6 |
9.2 |
8.8 |
9.6 |
11.1 |
13.5 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
13.8 |
14.1 |
11.8 |
西安 |
13.7 |
14.2 |
13.4 |
13.1 |
13.0 |
9.8 |
13.7 |
15.0 |
16.0 |
15.5 |
15.5 |
15.2 |
14.3 |
兰州 |
13.5 |
11.3 |
10.1 |
9.4 |
8.9 |
9.3 |
10.0 |
11.4 |
12.1 |
12.9 |
12.2 |
14.3 |
11.3 |
西宁 |
12.0 |
10.3 |
9.7 |
9.8 |
10.2 |
11.1 |
12.2 |
13.0 |
13.0 |
12.7 |
11.8 |
12.8 |
11.5 |
成都 |
15.9 |
16.1 |
14.4 |
15.0 |
14.2 |
15.2 |
16.8 |
16.8 |
17.5 |
18.3 |
17.6 |
17.4 |
16.0 |
重庆 |
17.4 |
15.4 |
14.9 |
14.7 |
14.8 |
14.7 |
15.4 |
14.8 |
15.7 |
18.1 |
18.0 |
18.2 |
15.9 |
15.2 |
15.8 |
15.3 |
14.7 |
13.8 |
14.1 |
15.6 |
16.9 |
17.0 |
18.3 |
17.6 |
17.0 |
15.3 |
|
康定 |
12.8 |
11.5 |
12.2 |
13.2 |
14.2 |
16.2 |
16.1 |
15.7 |
16.8 |
16.6 |
13.9 |
12.6 |
13.9 |
17.0 |
16.4 |
15.5 |
14.9 |
14.2 |
11.2 |
16.2 |
15.9 |
17.3 |
18.7 |
17.9 |
17.7 |
16.3 |
|
9.4 |
8.8 |
9.1 |
9.5 |
9.9 |
12.2 |
12.7 |
13.3 |
13.4 |
11.9 |
9.8 |
9.8 |
10.3 |
|
拉萨 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
7.7 |
7.6 |
10.2 |
12.2 |
12.7 |
11.9 |
9.0 |
7.2 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
贵阳 |
17.7 |
16.1 |
15.3 |
14.6 |
15.1 |
15.0 |
14.7 |
15.3 |
14.9 |
16.0 |
15.9 |
16.1 |
15.4 |
昆明 |
12.7 |
11.0 |
10.7 |
9.8 |
12.4 |
15.2 |
16.2 |
16.3 |
15.7 |
16.6 |
15.3 |
14.9 |
13.5 |
上海 |
15.8 |
16.8 |
16.5 |
15.5 |
16.3 |
17.9 |
17.5 |
16.6 |
15.8 |
14.7 |
15.2 |
15.9 |
16.0 |
南京 |
14.9 |
15.7 |
14.7 |
13.9 |
14.3 |
15.0 |
17.1 |
15.4 |
15.0 |
14.8 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.9 |
15.7 |
14.7 |
13.3 |
11.8 |
12.4 |
11.6 |
16.2 |
16.7 |
14.0 |
13.0 |
13.4 |
14.4 |
13.9 |
|
合肥 |
15.7 |
15.9 |
15.0 |
13.6 |
14.1 |
14.2 |
16.6 |
16.0 |
14.8 |
14.2 |
14.6 |
15.1 |
14.8 |
16.9 |
17.1 |
17.0 |
15.1 |
15.5 |
16.0 |
16.5 |
15.7 |
15.3 |
14.8 |
15.9 |
16.3 |
15.8 |
|
武汉 |
16.4 |
16.7 |
16.0 |
16.0 |
15.5 |
15.2 |
15.3 |
15.0 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.8 |
15.3 |
15.4 |
15.5 |
14.7 |
15.7 |
16.3 |
15.8 |
15.0 |
11.7 |
11.1 |
11.2 |
14.8 |
14.4 |
15.6 |
15.4 |
|
杭州 |
16.3 |
18.0 |
16.9 |
16.0 |
16.0 |
16.4 |
15.4 |
15.7 |
16.3 |
16.3 |
16.7 |
17.0 |
16.5 |
温州 |
15.9 |
18.1 |
19.0 |
18.4 |
19.7 |
19.9 |
18.0 |
17.0 |
17.1 |
14.9 |
14.9 |
15.1 |
17.3 |
南昌 |
16.4 |
19.3 |
18.2 |
17.4 |
17.0 |
16.3 |
14.7 |
14.1 |
15.0 |
14.4 |
14.7 |
15.2 |
16.0 |
16.0 |
17.1 |
16.4 |
15.7 |
15.8 |
16.3 |
15.3 |
15.0 |
15.2 |
14.7 |
15.0 |
15.3 |
15.8 |
|
长沙 |
18.0 |
19.5 |
19.2 |
18.1 |
16.6 |
15.5 |
14.2 |
14.3 |
14.7 |
15.3 |
15.5 |
16.1 |
16.5 |
19.0 |
20.6 |
19.7 |
18.9 |
16.5 |
15.1 |
14.1 |
13.6 |
15.0 |
16.7 |
19.0 |
17.0 |
16.8 |
|
福州 |
15.1 |
16.8 |
17.6 |
16.5 |
18.0 |
17.1 |
15.5 |
14.8 |
15.1 |
13.5 |
13.4 |
14.2 |
15.6 |
永安 |
16.5 |
17.7 |
17.0 |
16.9 |
17.3 |
15.1 |
14.5 |
14.9 |
15.9 |
15.2 |
16.0 |
17.7 |
16.3 |
14.5 |
15.6 |
16.6 |
16.4 |
17.9 |
18.0 |
16.5 |
15.0 |
14.6 |
12.6 |
13.1 |
13.8 |
15.2 |
|
崇安 |
14.7 |
16.5 |
17.6 |
16.0 |
16.7 |
15.9 |
14.8 |
14.3 |
14.5 |
13.2 |
13.9 |
14.1 |
15.0 |
15.8 |
17.1 |
16.6 |
16.3 |
17.0 |
16.7 |
14.8 |
14.9 |
15.6 |
14.9 |
15.8 |
16.4 |
16.1 |
|
南宁 |
14.7 |
16.1 |
17.4 |
16.6 |
15.9 |
16.2 |
16.1 |
16.5 |
14.8 |
13.6 |
13.5 |
13.6 |
15.4 |
桂林 |
13.7 |
15.4 |
16.8 |
15.9 |
16.9 |
15.1 |
14.8 |
14.8 |
12.7 |
12.3 |
12.6 |
12.8 |
14.4 |
广州 |
13.3 |
16.0 |
17.3 |
17.6 |
17.6 |
17.5 |
16.6 |
16.1 |
14.7 |
13.0 |
12.4 |
12.9 |
15.1 |
海口 |
19.2 |
19.1 |
17.9 |
17.6 |
17.1 |
16.1 |
15.7 |
17.5 |
18.0 |
16.9 |
16.1 |
17.2 |
17.3 |
台北 |
18.0 |
17.9 |
17.2 |
17.5 |
15.9 |
16.1 |
14.7 |
14.7 |
15.1 |
15.4 |
17.0 |
16.9 |
16.4 |


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