
提到癌症,人人都害怕,闻之色变!
不过,这可怕的癌细胞,也有“怕”的东西!它最怕你做这些事!
癌症其实是一类可以预防的疾病。它发生的原因包括内因和外因,内因主要是指遗传、免疫和内分泌等,这些因素是我们无法控制的。
而外因就包括了生活习惯,在平时生活中,我们是能够通过建立健康的生活方式,来有效地预防癌症的!
天津市肿瘤医院泌尿肿瘤科主任医师姚欣在2012年2月9健康时报癌症版刊文介绍,多喝水可以防膀胱癌。
这是因为饮水量多了,就会使尿液较多,致癌物质在尿液中的浓度就不会太高,如果每天喝水较少,膀胱中的尿液就会减少,致癌物质在尿液中浓度较高,从而会对膀胱黏膜造成刺激。⑤
记住:每天要养成喝水的好习惯,最好每半个小时提醒自己喝些水,不要因为忙工作不顾喝水从而为患癌埋下风险。
中国医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤内科主任刘云鹏接受沈阳日报记者采访时表示,“整理出好心情抗癌,这是不用花一分钱的抗癌方法。”
在不良情绪反应中,与癌症关系密切的是抑郁、强烈的挫折感、无望和无助等。有人认为是“抑郁催化了肿瘤”。严重的抑郁倾向者,死于癌症的危险高出普通人3倍。比如,重症抑郁症的女性患者更容易患乳腺癌,而且患上癌症后的预后更差。①
记住:我们需要多与人交流,在跟别人的交流过程中能够释放和缓解压力,很多纠结的事情通过跟别人的交流能够得到帮助和释放。
中国医学科学院肿瘤医院防癌科原主任袁凤兰在2016年3月18健康时报癌症版刊文指出,烟酒是打开癌症大门的推手,每天吸烟20支以上的人,患癌风险比不吸烟者高出若干倍,且女性比男性患癌风险更大。
您可千万别说:我家二大爷吸了一辈子烟了照样活到80岁,这只是个例,也是您的自我安慰。吸烟不仅和肺癌有关,它还会让人更易得胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌等癌症,都是铁证如山。②
记住:及时戒烟,任何时候都不晚!
近几年有个流行的词叫“懒癌”,是比喻一个人懒到不可救药。其实太懒真的可能得癌症,这和懒得运动有很大关系。
袁凤兰表示,目前已经可以证实的是,每天坚持30分钟以上运动,患癌风险就能有效降低。②
记住:最推荐的运动就是走路。走路时要做到抬头挺胸大步走,走路时手也别闲着,要时而两臂挥起,时而用手指抓手心,既有利于局部按摩,又能让你的心情更加愉悦。
eir 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.” Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.” The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.” Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.” Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic. His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one exampl What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.” Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launch具有无限重复出现的扭曲面,曲面间环环相扣,如同真正认识地球。[4] 对他国的影响 在教会严密控制下的中世纪,也发生过轰轰烈烈的宗教革命。因为天主教的很多教义不符合圣经的教诲,而加入了太多教皇的个人意志以及各类神学家的自身成果,所以很多信徒开始质疑天主教的教义和组织,发起回归圣经的行动来。捷克的爱国主义者、布拉格大学校长扬·胡斯(1369~1415年)在君士坦丁堡的宗教会议上公开谴责德意志封建主与天主教会对捷克的压迫和剥削。他虽然被反动教会处以火刑,但他的革命活动在社会上引起了强烈的反应。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗帜下举行起义,这次运动也波及波兰。1517年,在德国,马丁·路德(1483~1546年)反对教会贩卖赎罪符,与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年,路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶,并提出建立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义得到许多国家的支持,波兰也深受影响。
胃癌与不良饮食习惯有着密切的关系,尤其是过多食盐对胃部伤害很大。
解放军联勤保障部队第九OO医院肿瘤科主任欧阳学农在2011年10月14日健康时报癌症版解释,食盐的高渗透压会对胃黏膜造成直接损害,出现充血、水肿、糜烂、溃疡、坏死和出血等一系列病理改变,同时还能使胃酸分泌减少,胃黏膜易受攻击。
最关键的是高盐食物含大量的硝酸盐,它在胃内被还原菌转变为亚硝酸盐,然后与食物中的胺结合成亚硝酸胺,具有很强的致癌性,被世界卫生组织列为一级致癌物。⑥
记住:
① 每天每人总摄盐量别超过6克。
②经亚硝酸盐处理的食品,如香肠、火腿、午餐肉及腌制的肉类制品也含有少量亚硝胺类致癌物质,也不能经常食用。
解放军总医院第六医学中心放射肿瘤科主任医师康静波在2013年10月28日健康时报癌症版刊文,在适度的太阳光下活动,有利于预防结肠癌和乳腺癌等多种癌症。
人体的许多组织和器官当中都存在维生素D受体。维生素D的活性形式可以有效抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞成熟,对于B和T淋巴细胞的免疫调节活性也具有重要意义。在接触日光的时候,人体会自动合成维生素D。
人们很早就发现,赤道居民乳腺癌、结肠癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌等疾病发病率很低,而北方寒冷地区居民发病率增高。显然,活化维生素D的合成对于调节细胞的增殖和分化是必要的。④
记住:多在户外或者打开窗户晒太阳。时间一般10~20分钟即可。
中国中医药大学东直门医院肿瘤科主任李忠在2015年12月7日健康时报癌症版刊文,在临床诊疗中,大部分肿瘤患者都有过睡眠不良的经历。
中医学认为,人体之所以会生病,其根本原因就在于阴阳失调,癌症发生也不例外。现代人白天工作忙碌,晚上又习惯熬夜,不注意按时入睡,损害身体原本健康适宜的内环境,长此以往,让人处于亚健康状态,给癌细胞的产生与增殖扩散提供有利条件。
在夜间,人体内会产生一种褪黑激素,它所具有的抗氧化性能够保护体内氧化物对脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)造成损害,同时它还可以抑制另外一种荷尔蒙——雌激素的产生,这种雌激素能够促使某些肿瘤的生长和发展。乳腺癌高发女性群体大多都从事夜间轮班制工作。③
记住:晚上在子时之前(11时之前)最好入睡。午觉则只需在午时(11时~13时)休息30分钟即可。
人们一胖不但拉低颜值,还成了健康的绊脚石。
袁凤兰指出,英国研究人员曾对524万人进行了长达7年半的追踪调查后发现,体质指数与子宫癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌、胆囊癌等17种癌症都有显著的相关性。体质指数(BMI)等于体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方。②
记住:
牢记“8580”,维持体重预防癌症。
85:指标准体重中,男性腰围要控制在85厘米以内;
80:女性腰围不应该超过80厘米。
“我身体很好,上次查过没什么问题,不用定期查”、“单位出钱我就查,要我自己出钱就算了”……很多人嫌麻烦,怕花钱,不重视定期体检。
中国医学科学院肿瘤医院防癌科副主任张凯接受健康时报记者采访时指出,为了自己的健康,早检查、早诊断、早治疗。⑦
记住:
①防癌体检与一般体检不同,不同的癌症高危人群,有不同体检方式可以选择。比如肺癌,可以选择胸部低剂量螺旋CT。乳腺癌:钼靶+超声。肝癌:超声+血的甲胎球蛋白检测。结直肠癌和胃癌、食管癌:肠镜和胃镜。
②对于大部分癌症来讲,一般50岁以上就可以进行常规防癌体检。但乳腺癌不同,乳腺癌比较年轻化,40岁就可以开始做乳腺癌的防癌体检了。
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