南沙街坊有没有见过80年代的蕉门河？
最近翻到本老书，里面一张直升机实拍图惊到我了！
1980年的蕉门河，居然宽得完全超乎想象，
和现在简直不是一个样！
THE ZHUJIANG RIVER
the largest river in South China
珠 江
中国南方第一大河
《The Zhujiang River：the largest river in South China》（《珠江：华南最大的河流》），为1980年代罕见的外宣类英文出版物，该书聚焦珠江流域的地理与人文景观，书名直接点明珠江作为华南核心水系的地位，兼具地理记录与视觉艺术价值。本期我们呈现的是该书中关于广州南沙的部分。
英文原文：Important Entrances
The Zhujiang River's entrances into the sea on the southernmost tip of the Chinese mainland are important for defense and transport.
Humen, 40 kilometers to the south of Guangzhou, is surrounded on three sides by mountains. The Zhujiang passes through a narrow path formed by two imposing cliffs before it empties into the sea. Outside the mouth is Longxue Island, and inside. Shanghengdang,Xiahengdang,Dahu and Xiaohu islands.
The Opium War broke out 140 years ago at Humen when the Chinese people fought bravely against foreign invaders. Two large pits, still standing at Taiping, were used by Lin Zexu to burn tons of opium by mixing the drug with lime and brine.Eight kilometers southeast of Taiping is Shajiao Fort, Humen's first defensive line. The fortification built at the foothills and the three oval-shaped gun emplacements are well preserved.
Many of the Zhujiang's sea entrances are narrowed by rising peaks.Yamen, like Humen, was also a strategic military area in ancient times. Lying in Xinhui County, Yamen serves as the mouth of the Zhujiang's tributary Tanjiang and the Xijiang's tributaries.Yanshan Mountain in the east and Tangping Mountain in the west protrude far into the sea. In springtime, surging waves bang against the reefs, sounding thunderous noises.Xinhui is famous for the dramatic spring waves at Yamen.
In 1279, Prime Minister Lu Xiufu of the Southern Song Dynasty fought his last battle at Yamen against the Mongolians. After defeat, he jumped into the sea carrying on his back the nine-year-old emperor, Zhao Bing.Many generals, officials, soldiers and civilians followed him. This marked the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Temples in Lu's honor were erected to remind people of his merits.
The area around the Zhujiang's entrances is marked not only by rolling hills, but also by extensive tidal flatlands.Eighty percent of the 80 million tons of silt brought down by the Zhujiang annually are deposited at the river mouth. Consequently, the land area extends by 80-130 meters every year. These tidelands are quickly enclosed for cultivation. The most developed reclamation areas are situated between Jiaomen and Hengmen, and around Modaomen.Denglongsha,west of Modaomen, emerged from the sea only at the turn of this century. Now it consists of 30,000 mu of flatland. The land is reclaimed by sinking rocks along a projected line.As the layers of silt increase inside the embankment, fish fry appear in the water. Egrets follow,and skeletons of fish deposit in the muddy soil. When water plants begin to grow, the land is ready for plowing.
The tideland around the river mouth is a great asset. Over the last 30 years, some 300,000 mu of land have been reclaimed. Development of the tidal flats is top priority in the program sponsored by the Zhujiang Water Conservancy Committee.More than700.000 mu are scheduled to be built in the near future, while another three million mu will be obtained at a later date.
250. The river flows through Jiaomen to the sea.
255. Overlooking Humen.
▲The river flows through Jiaomen to the sea
珠江经蕉门流入大海
中文翻译：重要出海口
珠江在中国大陆最南端的入海口，对于国防和运输都具有重要意义。
虎门位于广州以南40公里，三面环山。珠江从两座巍峨悬崖形成的狭窄通道穿过，然后注入大海。口外是龙穴岛，口内有上横档岛、下横档岛、大虎岛和小虎岛。
140年前，鸦片战争在虎门爆发，中国人民英勇抗击外国侵略者。在太平镇，至今仍保留着两个大坑，那是林则徐当年用生石灰和盐卤水混合焚毁成吨鸦片的地方。太平东南八公里处是沙角炮台，它是虎门的第一道防线。山脚下修建的防御工事和三个椭圆形的炮位都保存完好。
珠江的许多入海口都因山峰隆起而变得狭窄。崖门，如同虎门一样，在古代也是战略军事要地。崖门位于新会县，是珠江支流潭江和西江支流的出海口。东边的崖山和西边的汤瓶山远远地伸入海中。春季，汹涌的波涛拍击礁石，声若雷鸣。新会因崖门这壮观的春涛而闻名。
公元1279年，南宋丞相陆秀夫在崖门与蒙古人进行了最后一战。战败后，他背负着九岁的皇帝赵昺跳海殉国。许多将领、官员、士兵和百姓也追随其后。这标志着南宋王朝的终结。后人为纪念陆秀夫修建了庙宇，让人们铭记他的功绩。
珠江出海口区域不仅以连绵起伏的山丘为特征，还拥有广阔的潮间带滩涂。珠江每年冲刷下来的八千万吨泥沙中，有百分之八十沉积在河口。因此，陆地每年向海延伸80至130米。这些滩涂被迅速围垦用于耕种。最发达的围垦区位于蕉门与横门之间，以及磨刀门周围。磨刀门西侧的灯笼沙，直到本世纪初才从海中浮现。如今它已形成三万亩平地。围垦土地的方法是沿着规划线抛石填筑。随着堤内淤泥层增厚，水中开始出现鱼苗。白鹭随之而来，鱼类的残骸也沉积在泥滩中。当水生植物开始生长时，这片土地便适合耕作了。
河口周围的滩涂是一笔巨大的财富。过去30年间，已围垦了约30万亩土地。开发滩涂是珠江水利委员会主导计划的重中之重。近期规划围垦超过70万亩，远期还将获得另外三百万亩土地。
▲Overlooking Humen
鸟瞰虎门
The Zhujiang River Estuary(Satellite Picture)
珠江口（卫星图）▼
1.虎门 (Humen)
2.蕉门 (Jiaomen)
3.洪奇沥 (Hongqili)
4.横门 (Hengmen)
5.磨刀门 (Modaomen)
6.鸡啼门 (Jitimen)
7.虎跳门 (Hutiaomen)
8.崖门 (Yamen)
▼点击卫星图放大，可见珠江八大门出海口标注
