阿根廷葡萄酒分级体系(二) 之 读懂酒标

点击上方“蓝字”，关注我们吧

起源 Provenance and origin

根据阿根廷法律规定，葡萄园可以选择在不同的地区种植，由于地区的特性被认可，它们被授予地理标志(GI)。比如：优克谷的拉孔苏尔塔(La Consulta)；卢汉德库约(Luján de Cuyo)的阿格列罗(Agrelo)；萨尔塔(Salta)的卡法亚特(Cafayate)，还有近几年批准的在圣胡安(San Juan)的Zonda，优克谷的Paraje Altamira等。如果你看到一个酒标上有“Indicación Geográfica”(地理标志)的标签，这意味着该葡萄酒将反映该地区的特性。

According to Argentine legislation, a vineyard can be planted in an area that is different from other areas. Recognised for their specificity they are given a Geographical Indication (GI) for example; La Consulta, in the Uco Valley, Agrelo, in Lujan de Cuyo, Cafayate, in Salta, or the recently approved Zonda in , and Paraje Altamira, again in the Uco Valley.If a label you saw that names a specific region accompanied by the term ‘Indicación Geográfica’ (Geographic Indication), it means that the wine will reflect the character of that region.

阿根廷产区标识适用85%的标准：标明产地的葡萄酒必须至少有85%是用该地区的葡萄酿造的。然后，系统逐步将内容从一般内容缩小到具体内容。来自不同地区的葡萄可以混合在一起，但在这种情况下，命名的地理单元必须包含其边界内的所有葡萄园。

Argentina applies the 85% standard here too: a wine that names its place of origin must be at least 85% made from grapes from that region.The system then narrows things down progressively from the general to the specific. Grapes from different areas can be mixed together but in that case the geographical unit named must contain all the vineyards within its boundaries.   

例如，用胡塔拉利(Gualtallary)和La Consulta的葡萄酿造的Malbec，会用两个GI所在的优克谷作为产地。然而，如果使用分别来卢汉德库约的Agrelo和优克谷的Los Arboles的葡萄，那么葡萄酒的产地将是门多萨。因此，按照同样的推理，如果葡萄来自多个省，标签上就会简单地写着，阿根廷。

For example, a Malbec made with grapes from Gualtallary and La Consulta will have the Uco Valley as its origin, where the two GI’s are located. However, if grapes from Agrelo and Los Arboles, in Lujan de Cuyo and Uco Valley respectively are used, the origin of the wine will be Mendoza. And so, by following the same reasoning, if grapes are sourced from more than one province, the label will simply read, Argentina.

那为什么有些葡萄酒会有GI或DOC呢?

Okay so, why are some wines given the mark of designation of origin or DOC?

这些都是特定的地理标志(geographical indications)，取决于监管委员会(regulatory council)确定在某个地方生产的葡萄酒的种类。就阿根廷来说，DOC数量很少，而且彼此非常不同。一个很好的例子是：Luján de Cuyo DOC，用于Malbec，产地是Luján de Cuyo，其产量每公顷不到10吨，在橡木桶中陈酿不少于一年，然后是瓶陈。而在授权的原产地名称中，Luján de Cuyo只能被一小部分酒庄标记且用于生产Malbec。

These are specific geographical indications that depend on a regulatory council to establish the kind of wine which is produced in a certain place. In the case of Argentina, they are few and very different from each other. A good example is Lujan de Cuyo DOC: used for Malbec, whose origin is Lujan, and whose elaboration is adjusted to a yield of less than 10 tons per hectare, with an ageing of no less than one year in barrel and the rest in bottle. While of the authorized Denominations of Origin only Luján de Cuyo is used by a small group of producers for its Malbec. 

在位于门多萨中部的圣拉斐尔(San Rafael)也有DOC，这些DOC适用于所有来自该地区并符合监管委员会严格标准的葡萄酒，以及卡法亚特谷(Cafayate Valley),虽然它还没有被监管。

Other DOC’s can be found in San Rafael, which apply to all wines with the origin of this terroir, that meet the strict standards of the Regulatory Council, and although it has not yet been regulated, the Valley of Cafayate.

关于陈年 About ageing

阿根廷法律认可各种描述陈年过程的术语，无论是所用橡木的年龄或它的来源。大概大家需要了解如下：

Argentine law recognises various terms to describe the ageing process, regardless of the age of the oak or its origin. In any case, what you need to know is:

• 珍藏“Reserva”这个词，是指所有在橡木桶中陈酿至少一年的红葡萄酒，而白葡萄酒则是6个月。
  The term Reserva, is given to all reds which have been aged in oak barrels for at least one year. While in the case of whites, it is six months
  
  
• 格兰珍藏或有叫窖藏(Gran Reserva)一词，适用于陈酿至少两年的红葡萄酒，而白葡萄酒则为一年。
  The term Gran Reserva, applies to red wines which have been aged for at least two years, while for white wines, it is one year.
  
  
• oak这个词可以用来指在木桶中陈酿的葡萄酒，也可以用来形容使用过其它橡木片、条等形式的葡萄酒，比如你可能会见到ROBLE这个词。
  The term oak, however, can be used to refer to wines that have been aged in barrels or to describe the use of wood in the form of chips, staves or inner staves.For instance, if you see the word ROBLE that means that the wine attained its woody flavours using alternative methods and not in barrels. 

品种和混酿 Varietal vs. blends

在葡萄品种和混酿方面，阿根廷的法规是相当苛刻的。一款以葡萄品种命名的葡萄酒，比如：赤霞珠、马尔贝克或霞多丽，其成分中至少有85%是这种葡萄，其余的则由酿酒师决定。而混酿(Blend)等则是指单个葡萄比例都达不到85%的葡萄酒，当然你可能也会见到Assemblages,Coupages,Corte或者Mezcla，都表示是混酿的意思。 

In terms of varietal wines and blends, Argentine legislation is fairly demanding. A wine bearing the name varietal – for example Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec or Chardonnay- must have at least 85% of that grape in its composition, with the rest being made up of whatever the winemaking team decide. While Blends, Assemblages, Coupages or Corte, Mezcla are wines where no single grape reaches 85% of the composition.

起泡酒 Sparkling wines

作为起泡酒的量产国和消费国，阿根廷对它们有一个混合的命名法。首先，不像法国或西班牙，他们没有自己的名字，被称为起泡酒。其次，与其他国家相比，他们有不同的糖用量，根据这个标准分为：Nature(不含糖)，Brut Nature(最多2克糖)，Extra Brut(最多8克)，Brut(高达14克)，而Demi Sec(可高达25克)，Dulce(超过25克)。

A large maker and consumer of sparkling wines, Argentina has a mixed nomenclature for its bubbles.Firstly, unlike France or Spain, they do not have their own names and are known as sparkling to dry. Secondly, and in contrast to other countries, they have a different dosage of sugar, according to this criteria: Nature, no sugar; Brut Nature, up to 2 grams of sugar; Extra Brut, up to 8 grams; Brut, up to 14 grams; Demi Sec, up to 25 grams; Dulce, more than 25 grams.

了解了上面的小知识，会让大家更容易对你即将开瓶的葡萄产生哪种期望。当然，喝酒最有趣的是找到让味蕾完全爱上的葡萄酒，让它超越法律和习俗的规定，让我们努力去找到那个自己会被诱惑到的美酒。

以上资料源自：

https://blog.winesofargentina.com/news/how-does-the-denominations-system-work-for-argentine-wine/

https://blog.winesofargentina.com/destacadas/how-to-read-a-malbec-label/

 阿根多（北京）贸易有限公司

成立于2007年，是一家专注经营阿根廷精品葡萄酒进口的公司，现为阿根廷十多个酒庄的中国总代，其中包括阿根廷的数家名庄，也是国内唯一一家由阿根廷投资，旨在促进阿根廷葡萄酒推广和销售的公司。成立14年来，阿根多凭借专业的选酒标准、合理的价格、广泛的产品线、优质的服务，已经成为阿根廷葡萄酒的卓越和主流的进口商。因为源自阿根廷，基于对阿根廷葡萄酒文化的深入了解，公司一直专注于阿根廷葡萄酒及葡萄酒文化在中国的推广和传播。经过多年的努力，公司在精选阿根廷葡萄酒方面追求品质，力求以最合理的价格为大众提供最好的来自葡萄酒的享受。因此，我们也在市场上赢得了极好的声誉，合作伙伴们给予的评价是严谨、专业、稳定、可靠的阿根廷葡萄酒供应商。