近期，一则重磅消息在俄罗斯外贸圈引起轩然大波。据可靠消息，自2025年9月1日起，俄罗斯将全面封杀WhatsApp。
Recently, a blockbuster news caused an uproar in the Russian foreign trade circle. According to reliable sources, from September 1, 2025, Russia will completely ban WhatsApp.
这一举措无疑给长期依赖WhatsApp与俄罗斯客户沟通的外贸人带来了巨大挑战。但危机背后往往也蕴藏着新的机遇。
This move undoubtedly poses a huge challenge to foreign traders who have long relied on WhatsApp to communicate with Russian customers. But there are often new opportunities behind crises.
政策背景解读
Interpretation of policy background
早在今年6月，普京签署了总统法令，针对来自“不友好国家”的软件实施限制，WhatsApp便被列入其中。WhatsApp在俄罗斯本地多次拒绝本地化存储，运营也不够透明，被定性为存在对国家隐私和安全造成风险的隐患。
As early as June this year, Putin signed a presidential decree imposing restrictions on software from "unfriendly countries", and WhatsApp was included. WhatsApp has repeatedly refused to localize storage in Russia and its operations are not transparent enough, and have been characterized as a risk to national privacy and security.
7月18日，俄罗斯国家杜马信息政策委员副主席安东·戈列尔金发表声明，要求WhatsApp做好退出俄罗斯市场的准备。随后，俄罗斯政府迅速宣布，9月1日起全国范围内禁用WhatsApp，届时服务器将全部无法正常使用。
On July 18, Anton Gorelkin, deputy chairman of the Russian State Duma Committee on Information Policy, issued a statement asking WhatsApp to prepare for its withdrawal from the Russian market. Subsequently, the Russian government quickly announced that WhatsApp would be banned nationwide from September 1, when all servers would be unusable.
为了填补WhatsApp退出后的市场空白，俄罗斯政府同步推出了由本土VK公司研发的MAX软件，该软件类似于国内的微信，已于2025年春季开启灰度测试，目前支持安卓系统与华为鸿蒙系统。
In order to fill the market gap after WhatsApp's withdrawal, the Russian government simultaneously launched the MAX software developed by the local VK company, which is similar to the domestic WeChat, which has started grayscale testing in the spring of 2025 and currently supports Android and Huawei's HarmonyOS system.
自9月1日起，俄罗斯境内所有新售移动设备都将强制预装MAX软件。不仅如此，俄罗斯国家杜马还修改了最新的《行政法典》，在WhatsApp被禁用期间，若用户使用VPN、代理工具等试图绕过封禁，将面临50000卢布至80000卢布（约640 - 1020美元）的罚款。
From September 1, all new mobile devices sold in Russia will be compulsorily pre-installed with MAX software. Not only that, the Russian State Duma also amended the latest Administrative Code, during the period when WhatsApp was banned, users who tried to bypass the ban using VPNs, proxy tools, etc. would face fines of 50,000 rubles to 80,000 rubles (about $640-1,020).
对俄外贸业务的影响
The impact on Russia's foreign trade business
WhatsApp在俄罗斯的普及程度极高，其日活跃用户占比达68%，超过60%的俄罗斯企业将其作为首要业务联系工具。
WhatsApp is extremely popular in Russia, with 68% of daily active users, and more than 60% of Russian businesses use it as their primary business contact tool.
对于中国的外贸人而言，这意味着9月1日后，若不及时调整沟通渠道，与俄罗斯客户的联系将面临中断风险，此前通过WhatsApp维系的客户关系、正在推进的订单合作，都可能陷入停滞。
For Chinese foreign traders, this means that after September 1, if communication channels are not adjusted in time, contact with Russian customers will be at risk of interruption, and customer relationships previously maintained through WhatsApp and ongoing order cooperation may come to a standstill.
例如，某外贸企业近期与俄罗斯客户就一笔大额订单进行紧密沟通，所有的报价单、产品细节讨论都在WhatsApp上进行。
For example, a foreign trade company recently communicated closely with a Russian customer about a large order, and all quotations and product details were discussed on WhatsApp.
然而，由于客户的手机系统更新，WhatsApp功能直接被屏蔽，导致该企业发送的消息显示“送达失败”，报价单也石沉大海，客户仿佛瞬间“失联”，给企业带来了极大的困扰。
However, due to the customer's mobile phone system update, the WhatsApp function was directly blocked, resulting in the message sent by the company showing "delivery failure", and the quotation was also sunk into the sea, and the customer seemed to be "lost contact" in an instant, which brought great trouble to the company.
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