案例解读
Case InterpretationANLIJIEDU
第一个中东欧国家大型桥梁工程总承包项目——塞尔维亚泽蒙—博尔察大桥及附属连接线项目
The first large-scale bridge project in Central and Eastern European countries.Zemun-Borca Bridge and Ancillary Connections Project in Serbia
20世纪70年代，一部名为《桥》的南斯拉夫电影，让中国人记住了塞尔维亚英雄老虎，主题曲《啊，朋友再见》更是传唱于大江南北。
In the 1970s, a Yugoslavian movie called “The Bridge” made Chinese people remember the Serbian hero Tiger, and the theme song “Ah, Friends Goodbye” was sung all over the country.
塞尔维亚位于欧洲东南部，是巴尔干半岛中部的内陆国，面积近9万平方千米，欧洲第二大河多瑙河的1/5流经其境内，人口大约1000万。
Serbia, located in southeastern Europe, is a landlocked country in the middle of the Balkan Peninsula, covering an area of nearly 90,000 square kilometers, with 1/5 of Europe's second-largest river, the Danube, flowing through its territory, and a population of about 10 million.
塞尔维亚在1992～1995年遭遇联合国制裁，1999年又在科索沃战争中被北约空袭，一些基础设施遭到严重打击。近年来，塞尔维亚经济出现了较快的增长，但是，国内铁路、公路、港口、机场等基础设施建设落后，改造建设任务繁重，基础设施升级换代需求强烈。
Serbia was subjected to United Nations sanctions from 1992 to 1995, and then to NATO air strikes in the Kosovo war in 1999, which dealt a severe blow to some of its infrastructures. In recent years, Serbia's economy has experienced relatively rapid growth, but domestic infrastructure such as railroads, highways, ports and airports are lagging behind, and the task of renovation and construction is heavy, with a strong demand for infrastructure upgrading.
由于欧元区债务危机，中东欧对核心欧洲的依赖有所减少，普遍采取了“向东开放”政策，积极吸引欧元区以外国家的投资。而中国与中东欧国家关系源远流长，“走出去”战略持续深入，使得双方加强合作变得可能。
As a result of the eurozone debt crisis, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has become less reliant on core Europe, and has generally adopted an “opening up to the east” policy, actively attracting investment from countries outside the eurozone. China has a long history of relations with CEE countries, and its “going out” strategy continues to deepen, making it possible to strengthen cooperation between the two sides.
美丽的多瑙河从塞尔维亚首都贝尔格莱德穿城而过，但是，市区仅有一座连接多瑙河两岸的大桥。从位于多瑙河北岸的博尔察区到主城区需要长途绕行1小时以上，由于交通不便，博尔察区经济发展远远落后于南岸的泽蒙工业区。与贝尔格莱德比邻的潘切沃市，是化工企业聚集区，当地化工产品运输都必须经过贝尔格莱德市区这座横跨多瑙河的大桥。这造成过境交通与市内交通混杂，城市交通拥堵情况严重，也造成横跨多瑙河的这座大桥载重负担很重，存在安全隐患。
The beautiful Danube River passes through Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, but there is only one bridge connecting the two sides of the Danube in the city. Located on the north bank of the Danube from the Borca District to the main city needs to be long-distance detour of more than one hour, due to the inconvenience of transportation, Borca District economic development is far behind the south bank of the Zemun industrial zone. With Belgrade adjacent to the city of Pancevo, is a concentration of chemical companies, the local chemical products must be transported through the city of Belgrade, the bridge across the Danube. This has resulted in serious traffic congestion in the city due to the mixing of transit traffic with inner-city traffic, as well as a heavy load on the bridge across the Danube, which poses a safety hazard.
塞尔维亚政府希望结束近70年来贝尔格莱德市多瑙河上仅有一座大桥的历史，提出在贝尔格莱德市西北部建设泽蒙-博尔察大桥及附属连接线项目（简称“泽蒙-博尔察大桥”）。项目路线长21.26千米，起点位于泽蒙区通往诺维萨德的T-6路，终点止于潘切沃路。该项目为双向六车道城市快速路，设计速度80千米/时，包括1座特大桥、10座中小桥、1座互通立交和17道涵洞以及相关附属配套设施。
The Government of Serbia, wishing to put an end to the almost 70 years of history of having only one bridge over the Danube in the city of Belgrade, has proposed the construction of the Zemun-Borca Bridge and the ancillary connection in the north-western part of the city of Belgrade (the “Zemun-Borca Bridge”). The project route is 21.26 kilometers long, starting from the T-6 road to Novi Sad in the district of Zemun and ending at the Pancevo road. The project is an urban expressway with six lanes in both directions and a design speed of 80 km/h. It consists of one special bridge, 10 small and medium-sized bridges, one interchange and 17 culverts, as well as related ancillary facilities.
大桥建成后，从博尔察到达主城区仅需要10分钟行程，而且所有过境车辆均可通过大桥绕行贝尔格莱德郊区，从而有效分离过境交通和市内交通，减轻市区通行压力，缓解交通堵塞状况。贝尔格莱德市西北部的区域经济发展也将大大提速。就在项目宣布启动后不久，项目沿线博尔察地区的地价就应声上涨了30%。
After the completion of the bridge, it will take only 10 minutes to travel from Borca to the main city, and all transit vehicles will be able to bypass the suburbs of Belgrade through the bridge, thus effectively separating transit traffic from the city traffic, reducing the pressure on the city and easing traffic congestion. The economic development of the region in the northwestern part of the city of Belgrade will also be greatly accelerated. Soon after the announcement of the project, land prices in the Borca area along the project route increased by 30%.
经过前期沟通协调，中国路桥承建了塞尔维亚泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目，这个项目具有多个开创性的意义：
After preliminary communication and coordination, the China Road and Bridge undertook the construction of the Zemun-Borca Bridge project in Serbia, which has several groundbreaking significance:
是在中国政府“走出去”政策的引领下，使用中国进出口银行两优贷款，在欧洲承建的第一座跨多瑙河大桥项目。
It is the first bridge project across the Danube River constructed in Europe under the guidance of the Chinese government's “Going Global” policy and the use of two excellent loans from the Export-Import Bank of China.
是塞尔维亚与中国政府达成基础设施合作协议后履行的第一个项目。
It is the first project to be fulfilled after the agreement on infrastructure cooperation between Serbia and the Chinese government.
是中国-中东欧合作机制下的成功探索与示范性项目。
It is a successful exploration and exemplary project under the China-Central and Eastern Europe cooperation mechanism.
2011年6月25日，温家宝总理在布达佩斯中国-中东欧国家经贸论坛的致辞中说：“中国工程企业正在积极寻求参与中东欧基础设施建设的机会，即将开工的塞尔维亚‘泽蒙大桥’，将成为中国工程企业走进中东欧市场的第一张‘名片’。”
On June 25, 2011, Premier Wen Jiabao said in his speech at the China-Central and Eastern European Countries Economic and Trade Forum in Budapest, “Chinese engineering enterprises are actively seeking opportunities to participate in the construction of infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe, and the ‘Zemun Bridge’ in Serbia, which is about to start construction, will become the first ‘business card’ for Chinese engineering enterprises to enter the The 'Zemun Bridge' in Serbia, which is about to start construction, will be the first 'business card' for Chinese engineering enterprises to enter the market of Central and Eastern Europe.”
2014年12月18日，塞尔维亚泽蒙-博尔察大桥顺利通车。李克强总理和塞尔维亚总理武契奇出席通车仪式。李克强总理表示，希望泽蒙-博尔察大桥成为沟通两国人民的心灵的中塞友谊大桥，他期待大桥能够成为中国装备“走出去”的名片。塞尔维亚武契奇总理在讲话中指出，桥梁是不同民族相互平等交流的重要纽带，大桥不仅连通了多瑙河两岸，更巩固了中塞两国之间的情谊。
On December 18, 2014, the Zemun-Borca Bridge in Serbia was successfully opened to traffic. Premier Li Keqiang and Serbian Prime Minister Vucic attended the opening ceremony. Premier Li Keqiang expressed his hope that the Zemun-Borca Bridge will become a Sino-Serbian friendship bridge that bridges the hearts and minds of the two peoples, and he expects the bridge to become a business card for China's equipment “going out”. Serbian Prime Minister Vucic pointed out in his speech that bridge is an important link for different nationalities to communicate with each other on an equal footing, and the bridge not only connects both sides of the Danube River, but also consolidates the friendship between China and Serbia.
中国路桥根据国际市场开拓的策略，很早就开始在中东欧市场进行布局。2004年6月，胡锦涛主席访问波兰、匈牙利、罗马尼亚等国家期间，中国与这些中东欧国家签订了一系列经贸协议，其中就包括中国路桥与罗马尼亚签订的《罗马尼亚布拉伊拉多瑙河大桥设计、施工、运营和维护的初步项目协议》。
According to the strategy of international market development, China Road and Bridge has started to lay out in the Central and Eastern European market at a very early stage. during the visit of President Hu Jintao to Poland, Hungary and Romania in June 2004, China signed a series of economic and trade agreements with these Central and Eastern European countries, including the “Preliminary Project Agreement for the Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of the Braila Danube Bridge in Romania” signed between China Road and Bridge and Romania. Project Agreement” signed between China Road and Bridge and Romania.
2004年3月7日，罗马尼亚交通部以公共私营合作制（PPP）方式进行了国际招标，经过激烈竞争，最终中国路桥凭借先进的桥梁设计技术、丰富的施工经验和融资能力战胜了来自欧洲的强大对手，成为唯一的入围公司。双方约定于2004年6月底进入实质性谈判，9月签署正式贷款协议和项目合同，并于10月5日在中罗建交55周年之际开工建设。2004年6月4日，中国路桥总裁与罗马尼亚交通、建设和旅游部国务秘书签署初步协议。大桥项目位于罗马尼亚东部布拉伊拉市，大桥全长2540米，其中主桥长1520米，跨线桥长1020米，双向四车道，通航净空38米。主跨为920米的悬索桥，投资总额近3亿美元，工期初步计划为5年。
On March 7, 2004, the Romanian Ministry of Transportation conducted an international tender in the form of public-private partnership (PPP), and after fierce competition.In the end, China Road & Bridge became the only shortlisted company by virtue of its advanced bridge design technology, rich construction experience and financing ability over the strong rivals from Europe.The two sides agreed to enter into substantive negotiations at the end of June 2004, sign the formal loan agreement and project contract in September, and start the construction on October 5 on the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Romania. on June 4, 2004, the president of China Road & Bridge and the secretary of state of the Ministry of Transportation, Construction and Tourism of Romania signed the preliminary agreement. The bridge project is located in the city of Braila in the east of Romania. The total length of the bridge is 2,540 meters, of which the main bridge is 1,520 meters long and the span is 1,020 meters long, with four lanes in both directions and a navigable clearance of 38 meters. The main span is a 920-meter suspension bridge, with a total investment of nearly 300 million U.S. dollars and a construction period initially planned for five years.
大桥项目由中国国家开发银行提供贷款，采用贷款和投资相混合的融资模式，中国路桥获得大桥20年的特许经营权。中国路桥以资本经营和投资方式承建工程的策略，可谓是为中国工程企业“走出去”开创了一个新的思路和模式。
The bridge project is financed by China Development Bank, which adopts the mixed financing mode of loan and investment, and China Road and Bridge has obtained the franchise of the bridge for 20 years. China Road & Bridge's strategy of constructing the project with capital operation and investment can be regarded as a new idea and mode for China's engineering enterprises to “go out”.
后来由于种种原因，罗马尼亚布拉伊拉多瑙河大桥项目没有能够实施，但是中国路桥并不气馁，还是继续深耕中东欧市场。5年之后，努力终于获得回报，2009年10月23日，中国路桥市场开发部总经理与塞尔维亚投资规划部部长和贝尔格莱德市市长共同签订了《塞尔维亚泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目初步协议》。
Later, due to various reasons, the project of Braila Danube Bridge in Romania could not be implemented, but China Road & Bridge was not discouraged and continued to plough into the market of Central and Eastern Europe. 5 years later, the efforts were finally rewarded, and the General Manager of the Market Development Department of China Road & Bridge, the Minister of Investment and Planning Department of Serbia, and the Mayor of the City of Belgrade signed the Preliminary Agreement of the Zemun Borca Bridge Project in Serbia on October 23rd, 2009. Bridge Project Preliminary Agreement”.
作为多瑙河上的标志性建筑，塞尔维亚政府原计划建设为单塔斜拉桥，但是塞尔维亚议会认为投资太高，没有批准单塔斜拉桥的投资方案。这次中国路桥没有让项目夭折，立即组织设计单位进行方案调整，既把总投资额压缩了一半以上，又保证了大桥的通行能力，终于获得了塞尔维亚议会的批准，为资金紧张的塞尔维亚政府解决了一个难题。
As a landmark on the Danube River, the Serbian government originally planned to build it as a single-tower cable-stayed bridge, but the Serbian parliament thought the investment was too high and didn't approve the investment program for the single-tower cable-stayed bridge. This time, China Road and Bridge did not let the project die.China Road & Bridge did not let the project die this time, and immediately organized the design unit to adjust the scheme, which not only compressed the total investment by more than half, but also ensured the capacity of the bridge, and finally got the approval of the Serbian Parliament.The project was finally approved by the Serbian Parliament, which solved a problem for the cash-strapped Serbian government.
2010年4月15日，中国路桥与塞尔维亚政府在贝尔格莱德正式签署了建设泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目的商务合同。合同金额为2.55亿美元，合同工期36个月。开工日期为2011年10月27日，完工日期为2014年10月27日。
On April 15, 2010, the commercial contract for the construction of Zemun-Borca Bridge Project was officially signed between China Road and Bridge and the Serbian government in Belgrade.The contract value is USD 255 million and the contract duration is 36 months. The commencement date is October 27, 2011 and the completion date is October 27, 2014.
塞尔维亚泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目由中国进出口银行提供85%的优惠贷款，塞尔维亚政府负责其余15%的资金。项目的业主包括塞尔维亚投资规划部、财政部和交通部。项目的受益人是贝尔格莱德市政府，具体的代表是贝尔格莱德土地局。中交公路规划设计院和塞尔维亚运输研究院是设计分包商，咨询公司是路易斯·伯杰公司，具体施工由中国交建二航局四公司和塞尔维亚当地公司承担。
The Zemun-Borca Bridge project in Serbia is financed by a preferential loan of 85% from the Export-Import Bank of China, while the Serbian government is responsible for the remaining 15%.The owners of the project include the Serbian Ministry of Investment and Planning, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Transportation. The beneficiary of the project is the Municipality of Belgrade, specifically represented by the Belgrade Land Agency. The CCCC Highway Planning and Design Institute and the Serbian Transportation Research Institute are the design subcontractors, the consulting firm is Louis Berger, and the specific construction is undertaken by the CCCC Second Aviation Bureau IV and local Serbian companies.
2010年7月22日，正在塞尔维亚进行正式友好访问的全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国出席了泽蒙-博尔察大桥奠基仪式并致辞，他和塞尔维亚总统塔迪奇共同为刻有“中塞友谊桥”的大桥碑石奠基。
On July 22, 2010, Wu Bangguo, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), who is on an official friendship visit to Serbia, attended the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Zemun-Borca Bridge and delivered a speech, and he and Serbian President Tadic laid the foundation stone of the bridge inscribed with the words “China-Serbia Friendship Bridge”.
通过强化管理，确保优质高效的完成本项目，充分彰显中国工程企业的雄厚实力，对于中国工程企业走进中东欧市场具有重要意义。
By strengthening the management and ensuring high quality and efficient completion of the project, it fully demonstrates the strong strength of China's engineering enterprises and is of great significance for China's engineering enterprises to enter the market of Central and Eastern Europe.
中国路桥在正确识别项目重点和难点的基础上，优化组织模式，明确管理目标，精心策划，采取了一系列过程控制措施，因地制宜，中西结合，加强精细化管理，以一流的质量和一流的效率，使得泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目成为塞尔维亚近二十年来第一个按时且在预算内优质完工的大型项目。
On the basis of correctly identifying the key points and difficulties of the project, China Road & Bridge optimized the organization mode, clarified the management objectives, carefully planned, adopted a series of process control measures, adapted to the local conditions, combined the Chinese and Western cultures, strengthened the fine management, and made the Zemun-Borca Bridge project become the first large-scale project in Serbia in the past two decades that was completed on time and within budget with high quality and with first-class efficiency.
1、项目特点：
Project Features:
泽蒙-博尔察大桥主梁为预应力混凝土连续箱梁结构，主跨跨径172米，同类型桥梁中，跨径长度在中国排名第二，世界排名第九，具有一定的技术难度。
The main girder of Zemun-Borca Bridge is a prestressed concrete continuous box girder structure with a main span of 172 meters, which is ranked second in China and ninth in the world in terms of span length among bridges of the same type, and it has certain technical difficulties.
业主要求使用塞尔维亚和欧洲标准及规范，而塞尔维亚施工规范系统并不健全，常常是多种标准混合使用，这就使中国路桥的设计和施工管理面临很大的压力。
The owner requires the use of Serbian and European standards and specifications, while the Serbian construction specification system is not sound, often a mixture of multiple standards, which puts China Road & Bridge's design and construction management under great pressure.
项目施工现场位于多瑙河自然保护区内，对施工的环保要求非常严格，稍有不慎，就会受到停工处罚。
The project's construction site is located in the Danube Nature Reserve, which has very strict environmental requirements for construction, and the slightest mishap can result in work stoppage penalties.
塞尔维亚的业主包括3个政府部门，还有受益人和作为受益人代表的贝尔格莱德市政府和土地局，沟通协调难度大。
The owners in Serbia include three government departments, as well as the beneficiaries and the Municipality of Belgrade and the Land Office as representatives of the beneficiaries, making communication and coordination difficult.
项目不但受到塞尔维亚政府及社会关注，同时也受到了周边国家和欧盟国家的广泛关注。当地媒体和民众非常关注项目进展，多家媒体和新闻社区网站都对项目进行了详细跟踪报道。可以说有无数双眼睛盯着中国路桥，一举一动都会被外界评头论足，中国路桥需要做好与利益相关方的充分沟通。
The project has received a lot of attention not only from the Serbian government and society, but also from neighboring countries and the European Union. Local media and people are very concerned about the progress of the project, and many media and news community websites have followed the project in detail. It can be said that there are countless pairs of eyes staring at China Road & Bridge, and every move will be commented by outsiders, so China Road & Bridge needs to do a good job in communicating with stakeholders.
2、合同变更：
Change of contract：
根据欧盟统计，大约有1000万吉普赛人分布在欧洲各个国家。这些没有祖国的流浪民族，在各个国家的土地上一直处于社会的底层与边缘，是一个弱势群体。塞尔维亚主要的民族是塞尔维亚族，但是也有部分吉普赛人，塞尔维亚政府也制订了对于吉普赛人的保护政策。According to European Union statistics, there are about 10 million Gypsies in various European countries. These nomadic peoples, who have no homeland, have always been at the bottom and on the margins of society in various countries, and are a vulnerable group. Serbia's main ethnic group is the Serbs, but there are also some Gypsies, and the Serbian government has formulated a policy of protection for Gypsies.
就在项目准备开工之际，由于法国政府制订了新政策，强行驱逐吉普赛人出境，2010年9月，欧洲多个城市有数以万计的群众上街示威对法国政府表示抗议。而在泽蒙-博尔察大桥项目中，由塞尔维亚方面负责的征地拆迁就涉及到了吉普赛人的聚居区，在这个敏感时期，谁也不愿意引发事端，征地拆迁工作因而受阻。
In September 2010, tens of thousands of people took to the streets in several European cities to protest against the French government's new policy of forcibly expelling Gypsies just as the project was about to begin. In the case of the Zemun-Borca Bridge project, the Serbian side was responsible for the expropriation and demolition of land involving Gypsy settlements, which was hindered by the fact that no one was willing to stir up trouble at this sensitive time.
中国路桥随后协助业主进行了大量沟通劝说工作，贝尔格莱德市政府和当地居民最终达成协议，60多户居民得到妥善安置，拆迁问题得以圆满解决。但是，项目的时间也被耽误，因此，业主进行了合同变更。项目于2011年10月27日正式开工，合同工期变更为两段验收：第一段共计10.30千米，于2014年12月27日主体完工，工期变更为38个月；第二段共计10.96千米，于2015年9月 27日完工，工期变更为47个月。
China Road and Bridge then assisted the owner to carry out a lot of communication and persuasion work, and the Belgrade Municipal Government and local residents finally reached an agreement, more than 60 residents were properly resettled, and the demolition and relocation problem was successfully solved. However, the project schedule was also delayed, so the owner made contract changes.The project officially started on October 27, 2011, and the contract duration was changed to two acceptance sections: the first section, totaling 10.30 km, was completed on December 27, 2014, and the duration was changed to 38 months; the second section, totaling 10.96 km, was completed on September 27, 2015, and the duration was changed to 47 months.
一个项目的成功，离不开方方面面的原因。塞尔维亚泽蒙—博尔察大桥及附属连接线项目的成功，同样取决于中国路桥各方管理工作的扎实推进。
The success of a project cannot be separated from all aspects.The success of the Zemun-Borca Bridge and ancillary links project in Serbia also depends on the solid promotion of the management work of all parties of China Road & Bridge.
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