我们一直致力于为中国市场带来美味啤酒。毫无疑问，英国是一个啤酒爱好者的天堂。近几年来，精酿啤酒日益流行，让我们沿着旧时光的小径，探寻过去100年的英国饮酒史吧……
We’re passionate about bringing proper drinks to China. There’s no doubt that the UK is a nation of beer lovers and, with the increasing popularity of craft beers over the past few years, we thought we’d take a trip down memory lane to have a look at some of the other drinking trends that have gripped the nation over the past 100 years...
1910s
20世纪初，酒已经成为大多数英国人社交活动的重要组成部分，但第一次世界大战的爆发，对酒的销售、酒吧和啤酒厂产生了巨大冲击。政客们担心，如果工厂和军火工人经常喝醉，那么饮酒将对战争局势产生负面影响。
By the early 20th century, alcohol had become a staple part of socialising for most people in Britain, but the outbreak of the First World War had a huge impact on alcohol sales, pubs, and breweries. Politicians were worried that alcohol consumption would have a negative impact on the war effort if factory and munitions workers were frequently getting drunk.
为此，英国在1914年出台了《领土保卫法案》(Defense of The Realm Act，简称DORA)。DORA的出台拉开了全英严格限酒的帷幕。为了防止过度饮酒，酒吧被要求只能在中午和晚上开放短短几个小时。啤酒要加水稀释以降低酒精含量，酒税也提高了，这导致酒价飙升到之前的两倍。频繁买酒是违法的，除了自己之外，请别人喝酒也是违法的，后果是最高6个月的监禁!
The Defense of the Realm Act (known as DORA) was introduced in 1914 to tackle these concerns. The DORA meant that strict new laws were introduced regarding alcohol. Pubs were made to close during the day to prevent excessive drinking, so they were only open for a few short hours around lunch and dinner times. Beer was watered down to reduce its alcohol content, and tax was increased on alcohol, which made the cost of pints double their usual price. It became illegal to buy “rounds” of drinks or, in fact, to buy a drink for anyone else but yourself, with the maximum punishment for doing so being six months imprisonment!
DORA的严格法规对英国人饮酒产生了巨大的影响。1914年，英国人总共消耗了8900万加仑的酒精，而到1918年，这个数字骤降到3700万加仑。
The strict legislation of the DORA had a huge impact on drinking in Britain. In 1914, the British people had consumed a whopping 89 million gallons of alcohol and, by 1918, this had gone down to 37 million gallons.
1920s
1920年，美国颁布了禁酒令，在全国范围内严格禁止酒的生产和销售，直到1933年禁酒令才被废除。幸运的是，英国并没有颁布类似的禁酒令，但DORA的规定仍然生效，人们去酒吧喝酒时仍有时间与饮酒量的限制。
In 1920, the Prohibition was introduced in the United States, which was a national ban on the sale and production of alcohol, which continued until 1933. Luckily, there wasn’t a similar Prohibition in the UK, although the licensing regulations introduced by the DORA remained in place, so there were still limits on when people could go to the pub and how much they could drink.
1930s
20世纪30年代，英国的酿酒业蓬勃发展。1939年第二次世界大战爆发，支持英国本土酿酒业被视为一件好事，因为喝本国产的啤酒意味着英国将不必依赖海外的进口酒。然而，许多在啤酒厂工作的男人在第二次世界大战开始后被征召入伍。这是劳动力的重大损失，因此许多妇女走出家门，接替从前男人们的工作，在啤酒厂和酒吧工作。
By the 1930s, the brewing industry in the UK was experiencing a boost, despite the start of the Second World War in 1939. Supporting British breweries was seen as a good thing, as drinking our own beer meant that the UK wouldn’t have to rely on imported alcohol from overseas. However, many of the men who worked in breweries were conscripted into military service once the Second World War began. This was a significant loss in the workforce, which led to women taking over the roles which had previously been seen as unsuitable for women, such as working in breweries and pubs.
1950s
1950年，英国人平均每年饮用3.9升纯酒精。1升纯酒精大约相当于35品脱浓啤酒或12瓶高度数白葡萄酒。换算下来，也就是每周不到1.5品脱啤酒或每月1瓶葡萄酒。
In 1950, the average Brit drank 3.9 litres of pure alcohol over the course of the year: one litre of pure alcohol would be around 35 pints of strong beer or just over 12 bottles of strong white wine. That’s less than one and a half pints per week or one bottle of wine per month.
1960s
到了20世纪60年代，英国人每年人均消耗7升纯酒精。啤酒仍然是最受欢迎的饮料，然而，葡萄酒也悄悄进入了英国人的酒桌，尽管葡萄酒在当时被视为奢侈的消费，占英国酒精消耗总量不到十分之一。
By the 1960s, the average amount of pure alcohol consumed per Brit per year had risen to seven litres. Beer was still the most popular drink, however wine was also creeping onto the UK drinking scene, although it was seen as expensive and accounted for less than one tenth of British alcohol consumption.
1970s
20世纪70年代，成功的市场营销极大地改变了人们的饮酒喜好。1974年，喜力公司首次在其广告宣传中使用“refreshing(意为使人清爽，消暑)”一词:在1975年和1976年异常炎热的夏季，这个广告词引起了干渴的消费者的共鸣，喜力啤酒销量激增。在这10年里，葡萄酒和鸡尾酒也越来越受人们欢迎。
The 1970s are a good example of how successful marketing campaigns could have a significant impact on people’s drinking habits. In 1974, Heineken first used the word “refreshing” in its advertising campaigns: this struck a chord with thirsty consumers during the unusually hot summers of 1975 and 1976 and there was a surge in sales. During the 1970s, wine and cocktails also grew in popularity.
1980s
鸡尾酒在80年代非常流行。其中一些经典鸡尾酒款式仍在今天的许多酒吧,俱乐部和小酒馆受到人们的青睐,比如椰林飘香（Piña Coladas）, 激情海岸（Sex On The Beach）和长岛冰茶（Long Island Iced Tea）。而其它比如蓝色珊瑚礁（Blue Lagoon）,脏脏蕉（Dirty Banana）和新加坡司令（Singapore Sling）这些80年代流行的鸡尾酒款式则随着时间流逝变得没有那么知名了。
Cocktails were hugely popular in the 80s. While some of these classic cocktails are still enjoyed in many bars, clubs, and pubs today (like Piña Coladas, Sex On The Beach, and Long Island Iced Tea), others like Blue Lagoon, Dirty Banana, and Singapore Sling, have faded into obscurity, though you might still be able to find them on 80s themed nights!
1990s
90年代，混合果汁预调酒越来越受欢迎，比如皇冠伏特加、WKD和百加得冰锐。这些甜酒饮料很受欢迎，因为有甜味，许多人觉得它们比烈性酒、葡萄酒或啤酒更容易接受。尽管在21世纪的头十年里，混合果汁预调酒仍然是年轻人的首选，但它们的总体受欢迎程度开始逐渐下降，取而代之的是啤酒、烈酒(如伏特加和杜松子酒)和鸡尾酒重新流行起来。
The 90s saw alcopops becoming more popular, such as Smirnoff Ice, WKD, and Bacardi Breezer. These sweet drinks were well liked as they had a sugary flavour that many people found easier to drink than spirits, wine, or beer. Although alcopops remained the drink of choice for younger drinkers into the 2000s, their overall popularity began to steadily decline in favour of beer, spirits (such as vodka and gin), and cocktails.
2000s
2004年，英国人均酒精消耗达到了100年来的最高水平，那一年平均每个英国人喝9.5升纯酒精，也就是315品脱啤酒或108瓶葡萄酒!2005年，英格兰和威尔士开始实施新的售酒法。1000多家酒吧、俱乐部和超市获得了全天24小时酒类销售许可证。2004年以后，英国的人均酒精消耗量开始下降，从那以后就再也没有这么高过。
2004 saw the average alcohol consumption level for people in Britain rise to the highest it had been for 100 years, with the average person drinking 9.5 litres of pure alcohol that year, which is 315 pints or 108 bottles of wine! In 2005, new licensing laws came in force in England and Wales. More than 1,000 pubs, clubs, and supermarkets were given 24-hour licences to sell alcohol. Britain’s average rate of alcohol consumption dropped after 2004, and has never been as high since.
2010s
自2010年代开始，精酿啤酒和杜松子酒的兴起成为英国饮酒文化的两大趋势。自18世纪上半叶以来，英国就一直是杜松子酒爱好者的天堂。当时，英国各地的人们(尤其是伦敦)对杜松子酒的狂热迷恋被称为“杜松子酒热”。这种狂热的规模是如此之大，仅在伦敦就有约7000家杜松子酒商店，以至于政府不得不颁布杜松子酒法案，给“杜松子酒热”降降温。
Two huge trends in Britain’s drinking culture since the start of the 2010s have been the rise of both craft beer and gin. The UK has been a nation of gin lovers since the first half of the 18th century, when the excessive consumption of gin across the nation, especially in London, was dubbed the “Gin Craze”. The craze was so big, with around 7,000 gin shops in London alone, that Gin Acts were brought in to try to stop the excessive buying and selling of gin.
过去几年杜松子酒再度流行起来，相应地，英国蒸馏酒厂的数量在2013年至2018年间增加了一倍多。如今，英国的酒吧都有各式各样的杜松子酒供人们选择，而几年前可能只有一两个款式。调味杜松子酒人气大涨，水果味、香料味和花香味都是广受欢迎的选择。
The renewed popularity of gin over the past few years means that the number of distilleries in the UK have more than doubled between 2013 and 2018. There are a range of gins available in most pubs and bars across the UK now, whereas a few years ago they might have only had one or two options. Flavoured gin liqueurs have soared in popularity, with fruit-based, spice-based, and floral-based flavours all available.
精酿啤酒的人气在英国也呈上升趋势，2017年英国新开了300家精酿啤酒作坊;小型啤酒厂的数量自2013年以来增长了64%。出于各种各样的原因，许多人选择喝小型啤酒厂出产的精酿啤酒，而不是大啤酒厂的啤酒。精酿啤酒有多种口味和风格，但无一例外都是采用高品质的原料酿造而成的。精酿啤酒厂出产的啤酒风味极佳，口感浓郁醇厚，通常质量上比大厂批量生产的啤酒要高出不少。精酿啤酒厂能酿造出多种风格的啤酒，在同一家精酿酒厂产品里，您可以享用IPA、黑啤、琥珀艾尔，甚至是季节性啤酒。
Craft beer is also on the rise in the UK, with 300 new craft breweries opening across the UK in 2017; the number of small breweries has increased by 64% since 2013. Many people are choosing to drink craft beer as opposed to beer from larger breweries, for a variety of reasons. Craft beer offers a huge variety of flavours and styles of beer, all made with high quality ingredients. Craft breweries are dedicated to brewing beer that tastes great, and are full-flavoured and generally of a much higher quality than mass-produced beers. Craft breweries also offer a huge variety of beers, so you can enjoy an Indian pale ale, stout, amber ale or even a seasonal beer, all from the same brewery.
