

建立与人类呼吸系统疾病病理生理及临床变化高度拟合的实验动物模型是了解人类疾病和测试潜在药物治疗的实用工具,是临床前研究和推进现代医学的基石。下面分别为大家介绍几种常见呼吸系统重大疾病动物模型。





在过去的三十年里,两种啮齿动物模型一直是研究PH的核心:慢性缺氧(chronic hypoxia,CHP)暴露模型和野百合碱(MCT)肺损伤模型。尽管能够在一定程度上了解缺氧诱导的血管重塑机制,但在这种啮齿动物模型中并没有出现在患有严重PAH的人类患者身上发现的复杂闭塞性病变。MCT大鼠模型目前仍然是PAH的常见研究模型,具有技术简单、可重复和低成本的特点。
CHP会引起内皮细胞损伤,以致相关舒缩因子失衡,增加肺血管收缩反应并促进血管重塑,最终发展为PAH。CHP模型需将动物置于常压低氧高二氧化碳氧仓中,仓内氧浓度维持在9%~11%,二氧化碳浓度维持在5%~6%,每天8h,每周6d,连续4周。
方法二:MCT诱导模型
MCT是一种吡咯里西啶生物碱,存在于植物紫花野百合中。MCT必须在体内经肝脏细胞色素P4503A4代谢成毒性代谢物MCTP,进而导致血管内皮细胞损伤和炎症反应。不同物种和种系对MCT反应不同,目前研究野百合碱诱导的PH的首选物种是大鼠,即使给予小鼠MCTP也不能获得预期的结果。选用雄性SD大鼠,在后颈部或腹部皮下单次次注射MCT(60mg/kg),21天可造模成功,模型能够模拟人类PAH的几个关键方面,包括血管重构、内皮功能障碍、SMC增殖、炎性细胞浸润和右心室衰竭。

案例二:BLM-Induced pulmonary fibrosis
Case Study:BLM-Induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice
Aim: To examine the effect of dexamethasone on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice.
Animal:C57BL/6, female, 6-8 weeks, 18-20 g.
Reagent: BLM, Pirfenidone (Pirf).


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