近年来，各种企业都在寻找新的系统，帮助其实现生产和仓储过程自动化。
如果以优化交付周期和成本为目标，那么标准的人工仓储解决方案就远远达不到效率方面的要求，因为设计人工仓储解决方案时所针对的行业需求与当今需求完全不同。
新生产过程必须根据市场动态做出有竞争力的调整，这要求我们只能遵循工业4.0原则，在仓储货柜方面则尤其如此。
In recent years, companies have been looking for new systems to automate production and storage processes.
When the goal is to optimize lead time and costs, standard manual storage solutions are far from efficient, having been designed to serve industries with completely different needs from those of today.
New production processes must guarantee a competitive response to market dynamics, but this is only possible if we think from a 4.0 perspective, especially for warehouses.
如何选择理想的自动化仓储解决方案？
How to choose the ideal automatic solution for a warehouse?
选择最理想仓储货柜系统的第一步是确定可以通过安装自动货柜系统而获益的仓储位置。
选择自动立体货柜或水平回转货柜之前，我们首先必须回答一些相关问题。
To establish whether to adopt an automatic vertical storage system or a horizontal carousel, it is essential to answer some relevant questions.
仓库空间的高度是多少？
What is the height of the warehouse structure?空间不足？
Is space running out?是否需要提高生产效率？
Is there a need to increase productivity?是否需要提高库存管理？
Is there a need for better inventory control?即使是季节性的增长，也很难满足？
Is it difficult to keep up with the growing demand even if it is seasonal?需要储存什么类型的产品？
What types of products are stored?
自动立体货柜和水平回转货柜：共同点
Vertical storage systems and horizontal carousels: the points in common
这两种技术都基于“货到人”的原则，其优点也非常相似：空间优化，而且生产能力、效率、安全、质量控制和库存管理能力全面提升。
但哪种解决方案更合适呢？
Both technologies are based on the “goods to person” principle and offer very similar advantages: space optimization, high productivity, efficiency, safety, quality control, and inventory management.
But which is the best?
选择自动立体货柜还是自动水平货柜主要取决于以下因素：
The choice between a vertical or horizontal automatic storage system depends mainly on the following factors:
库房可用的空间和高度
Available space and ceiling height of the warehouse building
储存货物的尺寸和重量
Dimensions and weight of the stored goods
经济或贸易周期
Economic or trade cycle
让我们来看看这两个解决方案的主要特点。
Let’s take a look at the main features of these 2 solutions.
自动立体货柜：特点
Automatic vertical storage systems: Features
在自动立体货柜系统中，托盘是沿着竖直方向立体排列的，会自动回收，并以符合人体工程学的方式直接交付给位于拣取口处的操作员。
得益于WMS仓库管理系统的支持，操作员使用自动立体货柜之后无需再劳神费力地寻找货物，而且拣选操作不会出差错。
这种货柜系统充分利用场地的高度（从地板到天花板），相对于传统货架系统，占地面积可节省多达90%。
托盘可以井井有条地放置任何类型、任何尺寸的货物。事实上，使用分隔板还可以为每个托盘配置特定数量的隔间。这些配置不是固定的，可以根据具体需要随时更改。
垂直仓储解决方案还可以显著提高生产效率和拣选精确度，因为该解决方案配有指导操作员完成拣货流程的直观的视觉辅助工具。
A vertical storage system is based on trays arranged vertically. The trays are retrieved automatically and delivered to the operator in an ergonomic position directly at the picking bay.
Vertical storage systems eliminate the need to search for goods and picking operations are error free thanks to the assistance of the WMS.
By exploiting the height of the premises (from floor to ceiling), this storage system frees up to 90% of the floor space used by traditional racking systems.
The trays can be organized for goods of any type and size. In fact, using separators and dividers it is possible to configure each tray with a specific number of compartments. These configurations are not fixed and can be changed any time depending on the specific needs.
Vertical storage solutions can also dramatically increase productivity and picking accuracy as they are equipped with intuitive visual aids that guide operators through the picking process.
自动立体货柜在以下情况下效率更高：
Automatic vertical storage systems are more efficient when:
厂房高度超过4米，因为在这种情况下，竖向立体空间经常得不到充分利用。使用立体货柜可以有效利用空间。
The ceiling height exceeds 4 meters, since in this case the vertical space is often wasted. With a vertical storage system that space can be used efficiently.
存货由一系列尺寸和重量各不相同的不同物料组成。
Stock is made up of a range of different items with different sizes and weights.
产品的重量和尺寸带来了人体工程学和节省空间等方面的挑战，因此需要一个集成的升降系统。
The weight and dimensions of the products create ergonomic and space-saving challenges and therefore an integrated lifting system is required.
水平回转货柜：特点和功能
Horizontal Carousels: Features and functionality
水平回转货柜是一种自动仓储系统，适用于各类具有特殊几何结构和低矮天花板并且存在建筑障碍物等特殊特征的建筑，基本上适用于所有难以利用竖向立体空间的建筑。
水平回转货柜由安装在水平旋转的椭圆形轨道上的料斗组成。料斗可将储存的货物直接传送给操作员。
当操作员需要某一个特定的物料时，水平回转货柜自动旋转，以便提供合适的料斗来拣取该物料。这种情况同样采用了“货到人”的原则，操作员不必来回挑选。
Horizontal carousels are automatic storage systems suitable for different types of buildings with particular characteristics such as special geometric structures, low ceilings, architectural obstacles, essentially all those buildings where it is difficult to take advantage of the vertical space.
Horizontal carousels are made up of bins mounted on an oval track that rotates horizontally and conveys the stored goods directly to the operator.
When the operator requests a specific item, the horizontal carousel automatically rotates so that the appropriate bin is made available and the item can be picked. Also in this case, the goods to person principle applies and the operator does not have to go back and forth for picking.
自动立体货柜系统在以下情况下效率最高：
Horizontal carousels are most efficient when:
厂房高度小于3米，且有足够的可用占地面积。
The ceiling height is less than 3 meters and there is sufficient floor space available.虽然预算很紧，但您不想放弃自动货柜带来的效益：水平回转货柜往往更经济。
The budget is tight but you don’t want to give up the benefits of an automatic storage system: horizontal carousels tend to be more economical.
具体应用对吞吐量有比较高的要求。如果每个货架组设置2至4组水平回转货柜，那么拣选速度可以保证高达550次/小时。
The applications require high throughput. Arranged in a pod of 2 to 4 units, horizontal carousels can guarantee a picking speed of up to 550 picks/hour.产品组合的周转率为中低水平。
The product mix has a medium to low turnover rate.
即使在紧急情况下，您的应用软件也必须始终能够获悉库存状态。
The applications must always have access to the inventory even in an emergency.
那么，在自动水平货柜和自动立体货柜之间如何进行选择呢？
So, choosing between a vertical and a horizontal automatic storage system?
为了对自动仓储和拣选系统正确进行评估，我们需要考查建筑物的特征和处理需求。这一点是非常重要的。有时需要二者兼顾，才能使解决方案达到最优水平。
在适当评估和设计的基础上，无论是安装水平回转货柜还是立体货柜，这一项投资都只需6个月即可获得显著的投资回报。这是由于提高了占地面积的利用率，降低了人工成本，提高了拣选精确度，并且改善了库存控制水平。
In conclusion, in order to properly evaluate an automated storage and picking system it is important to consider the characteristics of the building and the handling needs. Sometimes the optimal solution involves both products.
With the proper assessment and design, the installation of a horizontal carousel or a vertical storage system is an investment that requires just 6 months for an effective return on the investment (ROI). This is due to improved use of floor space, reduced labor costs, higher picking accuracy, and better inventory control.
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