1 April
Management as a Human Endeavor
Management is about human beings.
The modern enterprise is a human and social organization. Management as a discipline and as a practice deals with human and social values.
To be sure, the organization exists for an end beyond itself. In the case of business enterprise, the end is economic; in the case of the hospital, it is the care of the patient and his or her recovery; in the case of the university, it is teaching, learning, and research. To achieve these ends, the peculiar modern invention we call management organizes human beings for joint performance and creates social organization. But only when management succeeds in making the human resources of the organization productive is it able to attain the desired outside objectives and results.
Management is no more a science than is medicine: both are practices. A practice feeds from a large body of true sciences. Just as medicine feeds off biology, chemistry, physics, and a host of other natural sciences, so management feeds off economics, psychology, mathematics, political theory, history, and philosophy. But like medicine, management is also a discipline in its own right, with its own assumptions, its own aims, its own tools, and its own performance goals and measurements.
4月1日
管理是一项人的事业
管理关乎人。
现代企业是一种人的组织，也是一种社会组织。作为一门学科和一种实践，管理处理的是人与社会的价值问题。
当然，组织的存在是为了实现超越自身的目的。对企业而言，这一目的在于经济成果；对医院而言，是对病人的照护与康复；对大学而言，是教学、学习与研究。为了实现这些目标，这一现代社会的独特发明——管理——把人组织起来进行协同工作，并建立社会性的组织结构。但只有当管理成功地使组织的人力资源变得富有生产力时，它才能实现这些外在的目标与成果。
管理并不像医学那样是一门科学；两者都是一种实践。实践依赖于大量真正的科学。正如医学依赖生物学、化学、物理学以及许多其他自然科学一样，管理依赖经济学、心理学、数学、政治理论、历史和哲学。但和医学一样，管理本身也是一门独立的学科，具有自身的假设、目标、工具，以及绩效目标和衡量标准。
