深圳大学郑家荣教授等发表封面综述：虾青素多机理抗糖尿病潜力- 大数跨境

食品工业科技编辑部

2022-01-20

近期，深圳大学高等研究院Vemana Gowd(第一作者)、郑家荣教授(通讯作者)等在国际期刊《Molecular Nutrition & Food Research》发表了题为“Multi-Mechanistic Antidiabetic Potential of Astaxanthin: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence”的封面综述。

糖尿病(DM)以持续性高血糖为特征。饮食在人体健康中发挥着至关重要的作用，经常食用富含水果和蔬菜的饮食可以延缓或阻止糖尿病及其并发症。水果和蔬菜的健康作用部分归因于其含有的包括类胡萝卜素在内的抗氧化成分。类胡萝卜素是存在于很多蔬菜、水果、微藻和其他天然资源中的天然抗氧化物。虾青素作为一类酮式胡萝卜素，主要存在于微藻和一些红色海洋生物中。虾青素目前被市场化为一种健康的补充剂，且其抗氧化能力被熟知。大量的证据表明虾青素可以通过作用于多种器官/组织中的各种分子靶点和信号通路来在DM中发挥有益作用。虾青素可以通过维持β细胞功能、改善胰岛素抵抗 (IR)和增加胰岛素分泌来降低血糖水平。该文章总结了葡萄糖稳态、氧化应激和DM之间的联系；然后概述了关于虾青素在对抗IR、微血管(糖尿病性视网膜病变、糖尿病肾病和神经损伤)和大血管DM并发症中的药理学作用最近研究，强调了牵涉其中的细胞和分子机制。同时，该文章也突出了支持虾青素抗糖尿病潜力的一些临床证据。

Figure 1 Antidiabetic mechanisms of astaxanthin in various tissues. Upward and downward arrows indicate respectively increase and decrease of the corresponding parameter by astaxanthin treatment. Akt, protein kinase-B; AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ARE, antioxidant response elements; ECM, extracellular matrix; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FFA, free fatty acids; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.

Figure 2 An overview of astaxanthin's effect against diabetic retinopathy by acting on multiple molecular targets. Upward and downward arrows indicate respectively increase and decrease of the corresponding parameter by astaxanthin treatment. AGEs, advanced glycation end-products; CAT, catalase; GSH, glutathione; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL-6, interleukin 6; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.

Figure 3 Nephroprotective mechanisms of astaxanthin during diabetes mellitus. Upward and downward arrows indicate respectively increase and decrease of the corresponding parameter by astaxanthin treatment. AP-1, activator protein-1; ARE, antioxidant response elements; ECM, extracellular matrix; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1.

Figure 4 An overview of astaxanthin's effect against brain dysfunction and encephalopathy during diabetes mellitus by acting on multiple molecular targets. Upward and downward arrows indicate respectively increase and decrease of the corresponding parameter by astaxanthin treatment. Akt, protein kinase-B; ARE, antioxidant response elements; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; MDA, malondialdehyde; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.

Table 1. Eﬀects of astaxanthin against 𝛽-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.

Table 2. Protective eﬀects of astaxanthin against microvascular complications of DM

Table 3. Protective eﬀects of astaxanthin against macrovascular complications of DM.

Table 4. Protective eﬀects of astaxanthin against diabetic complications in other tissues.

原文链接：

https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202100252

附：简介

郑家荣，男，现任深圳大学高等研究院特聘教授。2009年于香港大学生命科学院获得博士学位，随后在美国纽约石溪大学医学院从事博士后研究, 曾任北京大学工学院特聘研究员、澳门科技大学助理教授、美国纽约石溪大学研究助理教授。研究方向主要包括两方面：1）食品加工过程有害物质形成的调控策略及其调控机理；2）抗慢性病天然产物衍生物开发及其抗病机制。

近年来，在国际高水平期刊发表论文70余篇，总引用次数超过4800次（谷歌学术），H指数33，曾担任英国皇家化学学会子刊RSC Advances副主编，同时是多家国际学术期刊编委及审稿人。作为课题负责人承担国家科技部重点研发计划（1205万元）和广东省重点研发计划，以核心人员报批广东省“珠江人才计划”引进创新创业团队和深圳市高层次人才团队（孔雀团队），目前团队总经费超过5000万元以上。

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