Science Bulletin（IF 20.577）重磅论文：我国科学家从农业废弃物中生物合成人工淀粉和微生物蛋白

2023年1月6日，中国农业科学院生物技术研究所：Xinxin Xu（第一作者）、Wei Zhang（通讯作者）；中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所：Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang（通讯作者）、Yanhe Ma（通讯作者）等联合在国际顶级期刊 Science Bulletin （Q1，IF: 20.577）发表题为“Biosynthesis of artificial starch and microbial protein from agricultural residue”的研究性论文。

人口增长和气候变化对粮食安全构成巨大挑战。人类正面临一个严肃的问题：我们将如何在不久的将来养活世界？本研究提出了一种开箱即用的解决方案，涉及从可用且丰富的农业废弃物中高效生物合成人工淀粉和微生物蛋白质，作为新的饲料和食物来源。该研究采用体外无辅酶合成酶途径和面包酵母(酿酒酵母)的一锅法生物转化可以在有氧条件下同时将稀硫酸预处理的玉米秸秆转化为人工淀粉和微生物蛋白。不含 β-葡萄糖苷酶的商业纤维素酶混合物加上在酿酒酵母表面展示的含有纤维二糖磷酸化酶和马铃薯 α-葡聚糖磷酸化酶的体外双酶复合物，显示出比富含商业 β-葡萄糖苷酶的纤维素酶混合物更好的纤维素水解速率。这是因为从固体纤维素原料到酵母的水解产物的通道减轻了纤维素酶混合物的抑制作用。动物试验表明，人工直链淀粉的消化导致血糖水平缓慢且相对较小的变化，这表明它可能是一种预防肥胖和糖尿病的新型保健食品成分。结合利用现有的农业废弃物和从非食物生物质中生物合成淀粉和微生物蛋白，可以解决食物-能源-水关系中迫在眉睫的食品危机。

研究结论

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Xinxin Xu is currently an associate professor at Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. She received her Ph.D. degree from Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2014, and then worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. She has been engaged in the research of microbial enzyme engineering and synthetic biology. Her research interest also includes recombinant proteins expression by fungal cell factories and the regulation mechanism of cellulase in filamentous fungi.

Wei Zhang is a Professor at Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. She received her Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2002. Her research focuses on synthetic biology and enzyme engineering, includes cloning new enzyme genes, heterologous protein expression in microbial system and molecular design and improvement of the enzyme proteins. Development and application of new methods to improve the stability and high productivity of microorganism cell factory is her another research interesting.

Yanhe Ma is the founding director of Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (TIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of the National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes. He has discovered, studied, designed, and engineered numerous important industrial microorganisms and enzymes for their industrial biomanufacturing; designed and validated a new-to-nature route comprised of chemical catalysis and enzymatic biocatalysis for starch synthesis from CO₂ at unprecedented rates and efficiencies.

Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang is the director of the Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing. He was the former tenured professor of Virginia Tech (USA). He is one of the founding fathers of in vitro engineering biology. Via this in vitro biomanufacturing platform (ivBT), he achieved important biotransformations, such as, biotransformation of starch from cellulose, high-yield hydrogen production from sugars and water, high-energy density biobattery, enzymatic inositol synthesis. Inositol is the first product industrially manufactured by ivBT.

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