《食品工业科技》F5000论文展播：破壁与去壁灵芝孢子粉的化学成分与抗氧化活性比较（2022年）

Objectives:Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is formed by continuously ejecting spores from the tubes of Ganoderma lucidum after its fruiting body develops and matures. It is rich in bioactive components and has high food and medicinal value. However, due to the hard spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the effective substances in spores are difficult to dissolve out through the spore wall and be absorbed and utilized by human beings. Therefore, in order to clarify the material basis of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, this study used sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder as raw materials to explore the effects of different spore wall processing technology on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which provided theoretical basis for the study of related functional activities of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

Methods:In this experiment, water, ash, dietary fiber, protein, total triterpenoids, total polysaccharides, trace elements, amino acids and other main indexes as well as the antioxidant activities in vitro such as total reducing power, scavenging ability of DPPH radical (DPPH·), scavenging ability of ABTS⁺ radical (ABTS⁺·), scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical (·OH) were compared between the sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

Results:The contents of ash, water-soluble dietary fiber, protein, total polysaccharide, total triterpenoids and hydrolyzed amino acids in the sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were 2.227%, 8.810%, 15.922%, 12.129%, 2.556% and 6.744% respectively, which were higher than those of sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (0.647%, 1.593%, 13.140%, 1.150%, 1.682% and 5.995% respectively), and the total polysaccharide content increased by nearly 12 times compared with the sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. However, the water-insoluble dietary fiber and total dietary fiber were lower. Cu, Cr, Ni and Se in the trace elements showed significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05), but Pb, Cd, Hg and As had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The content of beneficial element Se in the sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was significantly increased, reaching 0.068 ± 0.006 mg/kg. The contents of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and arginine in sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were significantly higher than those in sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (P < 0.05). The chromatogram from triterpenes showed that the sporoderm-removal powder contained more abundant terpenoids. Comparison of antioxidant activities of two spore powder of alcohol extracts and water extracts, the alcohol extracts of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder showed the strongest antioxidant activity. At the concentration of 2 mg/mL, the total reducing power and DPPH free radicals clearance rate were 1.114 and 89.860%, respectively. At 0.5 mg/mL, the ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate was 99.714%, which was comparable to the V_C positive control group at the same concentration. At 10 mg/mL concentration, the hydroxyl radicals clearance rate reached 84.301%. In general, the antioxidant activity of the extracts from sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was higher than that of the extracts from sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

Conclusion: This study was the first time to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the material composition and antioxidant activity of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and compare it with sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and analyze the differences between them. The ash, protein, water-soluble dietary fiber and total polysaccharide of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were higher than that of sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The content of total polysaccharide in sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was 1.150% and 12.129% respectively. The content of total triterpenoids was 1.682% and 2.556%, respectively. Combined with HPLC analysis, the triterpenes in the sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were more abundant and the extraction rate was higher. At the same time, the content of beneficial elements Se, tyrosine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine in sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were higher than those in sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. Based on the material components of sporoderm-removal/sporoderm-broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, they all showed good antioxidant activity, which provided theoretical data support for the further development and utilization of sporoderm-removal Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.