中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所刘丽娅研究员等|β-葡聚糖酶对青稞面包质构特性及其风味物质的影响

本研究考察β-葡聚糖酶（Beta-glucanase，BGS）对青稞面包比容、质构特性的改良作用及其对面包中挥发性风味物质的影响。通过分析不同浓度BGS（0.02%~0.10%）作用下30%和50%青稞全粉添加量的面包比容、质构、气孔结构、内部色泽及感官评价，考察BGS对面包质构特性的影响，同时采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析面包中挥发性风味物质的差异。结果表明，面包的比容、弹性、气孔数随BGS浓度的升高显著增加（P<0.05）。当BGS添加量为0.10%时，30%青稞面包比容与白面包（3.83 mL/g）接近，达到3.46 mL/g；同时，30%和50%青稞面包弹性分别提高了10.36%和43.57%。青稞面包芯部主要挥发性风味物质为酯类、醛类、醇类、酮类和酸类，50%青稞面包酯类、酮类风味物质相对含量高于30%青稞面包，果香味、青草香、花香等青稞特征性香气更为突出。BGS对面包挥发性风味物质组成影响较小，但BGS可提高正己醇、苯甲醛、乙酸乙酯等挥发性风味物质的相对含量，增强青稞面包的果香味。

This study investigated the improvement effects of beta-glucanase (BGS) on the specific volume, texture, and volatile flavor compounds of bread prepared with 30% and 50% whole highland barley flour. The changes in specific volume, texture, crumb structure and color, and sensory while the BGS levels ranging from 0.02% to 0.10% were analyzed. The volatile flavor compounds in highland barley bread were tested by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The results showed that the specific volume, elasticity, and gas cell numbers of highland barley bread all improved significantly (P<0.05) with increasing BGS concentration. When BGS was added at 0.10%, the specific volume of 30% highland barley bread reached up to 3.46 mL/g, close to that of the white bread (3.83 mL/g). Meanwhile, the elasticity of 30% and 50% highland barley bread increased by 10.36% and 43.57%, respectively. The main volatile flavor compounds in the bread core were esters, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and acids. The relative content of esters and ketones in 50% barley bread was higher than that in 30% barley bread, and the characteristic aromas of highland barley with fruit flavor, grass flavor, and flower flavor were more prominent. The effects of BGS on the composition of volatile flavor compounds of bread were unobvious. However, it could increase the relative contents of volatile flavor compounds such as n-hexanol, benzaldehyde, and ethyl acetate, and enhance the fruit flavor of highland barley bread.