璧是一种圆板形、片状、中部有孔的玉器，《说文》释璧：“瑞玉，圆器也”。《尔雅》有：“肉倍好谓之璧”的说法。肉即边，好即孔，边为孔径的两倍便是璧。
bi is a kind of jade with a circular plate shape, a sheet shape, and a hole in the middle. The narration of "Said the text": "Rui Yu, the round device is also". "Erya" has the saying that "the meat is better than the cockroach". The meat is the edge, the hole is good, and the edge is twice the aperture.
在存世的古玉璧中，肉与好符合倍数关系的不多。《尔雅》中有好倍肉谓之“瑗”、肉好如一谓之“环”的说法。“环”、“瑗”属于璧类玉器，是一种特殊型璧。
In the ancient jade of the world, there is not much that the meat has a good relationship with the multiple. In Erya, there is a saying that the meat is good and the meat is as good as the "ring". "Ring" and "yuan" belong to the jade class, which is a special type.
在古代，璧是一种重要玉器，使用年代之长、品种之多是其他玉器不能相比的。璧有以下几种用途：一为礼器，周礼有“以苍璧礼天”之说；其二为佩玉古称系璧，《说文》释“玮”：“石之次玉为系璧”。以璧为佩饰早在战国至汉代已普遍风行；其三用作礼仪馈赠之用品；其四是葬玉。已发掘的汉代大墓中都有众多的大璧出土。
In ancient times, cockroaches were an important jade. The length of use and the variety of varieties were not comparable to other jade articles. There are several uses for bi: one is the ritual device, Zhou Li has the saying that “the sky is in the sky”; the second is the ". It was popular in the Warring States to the Han Dynasty as early as the sacred decoration; the third was used as a gift of etiquette; the fourth was the funeral jade. Many of the large tombs have been unearthed in the excavated Han Dynasty tombs.
玉璧的纹饰随着时代不同而有变化。商代璧多饰弦纹。春秋战国至汉代，玉璧为云纹、谷纹、蒲纹，间或有螭纹。唐、宋、元以后出现了凹雕螭纹、乳丁纹、兽面纹、花鸟纹装饰的玉璧。
The texture of the jade has changed with the times. The Shang Dynasty has many chords. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty, the jade is a moiré, a grain, a plaque, and a crepe pattern. After the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, there were jade carvings, such as intaglio, crepe, animal face, and flower and bird.
龙纹、鸟纹、凤鸟纹、蒲璧见之于汉代，璧的表面用同心圆绳纹分为两区，多达三区。外区饰龙纹或凤鸟纹，内区饰蒲纹，三区内饰兽面纹。这种汉代璧一般用水玉制成，分厚薄两种，直径一般较大，大的有超过40厘米，但厚的并不多见。
龙纹的蒲璧很为奇特，以阴刻线组成，正面刻划龙头。鼻眼很大，鼻下雕粗阴线较宽但很浅，一般无嘴，其他部位用细线雕刻。龙为双身，如飘带伸向两侧，刻纹与龙身缠绕，代表爪或翅。龙纹蒲璧在汉代墓葬中发现很多，往往成组成组置于棺上，应为汉代葬玉之属。
The dragon's pampas are very strange, composed of intaglio lines, and the front is carved with a faucet. The nose is very large, and the thick and negative lines under the nose are wide but very shallow. Generally, there are no mouths, and other parts are carved with thin lines. The dragon is a double body, such as a streamer extending to the sides, engraved with the dragon body, representing the claws or wings. The dragon-shaped pampas grass has been found in many tombs in the Han Dynasty. It is often placed in groups on the coffin and should be the genus of the Han Dynasty.
玉璧中应引起重视的是素璧、谷纹璧、蒲纹璧，素璧最早出现于新石器时代，最引人注目的有两个出土地。一是良渚文化遗址，有的墓葬中一次竟出土20厘米以上的玉璧十件以上，江苏省博物院藏颇丰。二是四川广汉地区早期文化遗址中出土更多更大，最大的竟超过70厘米，厚度达5厘米，形如石盘。商代也有素璧，素璧在当时主要用于礼器。谷璧、蒲璧使用一直延续到明清时代。不过出现了一面以谷纹或蒲纹、云雷纹、席地纹装饰，一面饰花、鸟、鱼、虫、龙、凤、八卦、八吉祥、吉语等图案。《周礼》有“子执古璧”、“男执蒲璧”的记载。谷璧上镌刻有成排的密集小乳丁，乳丁上雕成旋涡状如同牙，取其谷可养生之意。蒲璧指带有极浅的六角形格子纹的璧，取蒲能织席可以安人。这两种璧多是战国和汉代的，一般为几厘米到十几厘米，超过二十厘米的不多见。从存世或出土的实物看，宝光四溢，做工极精良。在战国时期这类玉璧已被奉为珍宝，作为佩玉或抵押品、赏赐品、镶嵌用品、礼仪用品及馈赠用品。
What should be paid attention to in the jade is the prime, the grain, the pupa, and the pupa. The earliest appeared in the Neolithic Age, and the most striking is the two out of the land. The first is the Liangzhu Cultural Site. In some of the tombs, more than 10 pieces of jade are unearthed at a time. The Jiangsu Provincial Museum is quite rich. Second, the early cultural sites in the Guanghan area of Sichuan were unearthed more and more, the largest being more than 70 centimeters and the thickness of 5 centimeters, shaped like a stone plate. The Shang Dynasty was also very popular, and Su was mainly used for rituals at the time. The use of Gu Yu and Pu Pu continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, there appeared a pattern of grain, plum, cloud and thunder, and a pattern of flowers, birds, fish, insects, dragons, phoenixes, gossip, eight auspicious, and Ji language. "Zhou Li" has the records of "Children's Executives" and "Men's Poems". The glutinous rice stalks are engraved with rows of dense small diced stalks, which are carved into a spiral like a tooth, and the valley can be used for health. Pu-Pu refers to a dragonfly with a very shallow hexagonal plaid pattern. These two kinds are mostly in the Warring States and the Han Dynasty, usually a few centimeters to a dozen centimeters, and more than twenty centimeters are rare. From the perspective of living or unearthing objects, Baoguang is overflowing and works very well. During the Warring States period, this type of jade has been regarded as a treasure, as a jade or collateral, gifts, inlays, etiquette supplies and gifts.
早在战国二汉时还出现了三璜二璜合拼璧、出廓璧、璇玑璧、椭圆形璧、连环璧等。镂空雕玉璧始于战国时代，流行于汉代。镂雕璧主要有两种，一为全镂雕璧，在璧的孔内或外侧一侧凸出一块近三角形的装饰部位，高度往往超出璧的直径，称之为出廓璧，如双龙对拱；有些在螭龙间还刻有“益寿”、“长乐”、“宜子孙”字样，故被称为“拱璧”（唐代人认为用两手可以托起的璧是拱璧），多数人认为这种璧有系孔称其为“系璧”。
As early as in the Warring States Period of the Second Han Dynasty, there were also three , The hollow carvings began in the Warring States period and were popular in the Han Dynasty. There are two main types of Arch; some are also engraved with the words "Yi Shou", "Chang Le", "Yi Zi Sun" in the dragon, so they are called "archs" (the Tang Dynasty people think that the two hands can hold up the arch is the arch), most people It is believed that this type of sputum has a burrow called a "systemic sputum".
【名称】汉代出廓双龙套环璧一对
【年代】汉代
【规格】直径: 9.19 cm 厚：0.62cm 高：13.5cm
直径: 7.8 cm 厚：0.66cm 高：11.5cm
【简介】此对玉璧质坚润，龙头带赤沁。片状，镂雕，两面纹饰相同。璧外左右对琢玉龙，勾喙，双圈圆眼，挺胸，龙尾后飘且卷，满身阴线细密且琢“冰纹”。璧内满饰排列有序的卷云纹，中心镂阴线作饰。整器厚薄均匀，刻工精细，打磨光滑。生动形象，栩栩如生，造型独特。属难得一见的精品，极具有收藏价值！
[Introduction] This pair of jade is firm and the faucet is red. Flaky, enamel, and the same on both sides. Outside the ,The enamel is decorated with an orderly cirrus pattern and is decorated with a central yin line. The thickness of the whole machine is even, the carving is fine, and the polishing is smooth. Vivid, lifelike and unique. It is a rare boutique, very collectible!
丰富艺术生活，传递艺术价值！如果您对这一对汉代出廓双龙套环璧感兴趣，欢迎联系轩宇（广州）艺术传媒有限公司！
Enrich art life and deliver artistic value! If you are interested in this pair of Han Dynasty Shuanglong Rings, please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) Art Media Co., Ltd.!
分享是一种美德，分享是一种快乐，学会分享，快乐他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!
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