《清明上河图》，是中国的传世名画之一。为北宋风俗画家张择端所作，生动记录了北宋汴京的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层人民的生活状况。清明上河图宽24.8厘米、长528.7厘米 ，绢本设色。作品以长卷形式，采用散点透视构图法，生动记录了中国十二世纪北宋都城东京（又称汴京，今河南开封）的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层人民的生活状况，是北宋时期都城汴京当年繁荣的见证，也是北宋城市经济情况的写照。
The Qingming Shanghe Map is one of China's famous paintings. For the Northern Song Dynasty custom painter Zhang Zeduan, vividly recorded the urban appearance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the living conditions of the people of all walks of life at that time. The Qingming Shanghe map is 24.8 cm wide and 528.7 cm long. In the form of long scrolls, the work uses the scatter-point perspective composition method to vividly record the urban appearance of the 12th century Northern Song Dynasty capital city of Tokyo (also known as Yujing, now Kaifeng, Henan) and the living conditions of people of all walks of life at that time. It is the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The testimony of the prosperity of Beijing in the past was also a portrayal of the economic situation of the Northern Song Dynasty.
长：380.3cm 宽：26.8cm
Length: 380.3cm Width: 26.8cm
这在中国乃至世界绘画史上都是独一无二的。在五米多长的画卷里，共绘了数量庞大的各色人物，牛、骡、驴等牲畜，车、轿、大小船只，房屋、桥梁、城楼等各有特色，体现了宋代建筑的特征。具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值。《清明上河图》虽然场面热闹，但表现的并非繁荣市景，而是一幅带有忧患意识的“盛世危图”，官兵懒散税务重。
This is unique in the history of painting in China and the world. In the five-meter-long scroll, a large number of characters of various colors, cattle, donkeys, donkeys and other livestock, cars, sedan, large and small ships, houses, bridges, and towers have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of the Song Dynasty architecture. Has a high historical value and artistic value. Although the scene of the Qingming Shanghe Map is lively, it is not a prosperous city scene, but a "life-threatening map" with a sense of urgency. The officers and men are lazy and taxed.
清明上河图的作者
Author of Qingming Shanghe Map
张择端，山东人，任职于北宋时期的翰林图画院。他因亲手绘制了中国几千年绘画史上最好的一幅风俗画—(清明上河图》而驰名天一万。张择端很年轻就离开了山东老家，来到大宋的都城东京沛梁。年纪轻轻的他初到沛梁，人地两生，生活颇为不易。无事的时候，他不愿一个人在家中孤独闷坐，常到汁河边及城里最繁华的地方去游荡。幸亏他画得一手好画，偶尔卖几张画，勉强悯口度日。就这样，几年的光阴匆匆而过。一个偶然的机会，他认识了好友赵太丛。赵太垂家世代行医，且宅心仁厚，为人诚恳，对这个自异乡而来的年轻游子照顾有加，时常请张择端到家中用饭闲谈。有时他还将张择端介绍给生意上的朋友，让他帮朋友绘制壁画或肖像什么的。
Zhang Zeduan, a native of Shandong, worked in the Hanlin Academy of Painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. He personally painted the best genre painting in the history of Chinese painting for thousands of years - (the Qingming Shanghe map) and became famous. Zhang Zeduan left his hometown in Shandong very young and came to the capital of the Song Dynasty, Peiliang, in the Song Dynasty. Light, he first arrived in Peiliang, life and life, life is quite difficult. When nothing happens, he does not want to sit alone at home, often go to the river and the most prosperous place in the city to wander. Fortunately He painted a good hand, and occasionally sold a few paintings, barely licking his mouth. In this way, a few years of time passed by. A chance, he met his friend Zhao Tai Cong. Zhao Taidui family practice medicine, and home He is very honest and sincere, and he cares for this young wanderer from a stranger. He often asks Zhang Zexuan to go to the house to have a meal. Sometimes he will introduce Zhang Zeduan to his business friends and ask him to help his friends draw murals or portraits.
张择端是一位全才的画家，无论舟车、市肆、桥梁、人物、城杯几乎无一不精。因为他画得不错，几年之后就在沐梁出了名。出名之后的张择端，经人举荐，参加了宋徽宗翰林图画院的考试，成为了一名有傣禄的宫廷画家。张择端做官以后常惦记着好友赵太丛，.只要得空，就到赵家医馆看望朋友。赵.家的医馆设在离城门不远的繁华处，由于信誉好，有很多人都慕名前去寻医问药。可是街上医馆林立，有很多患者走错了地方，误人别家医馆，只得将错就错，运气不好的甚至还延误了病情。张择端知道这种情况以后，为赵家出了一个主意。他帮赵家设计了几幅大大的布制招牌，其中一幅写着“本堂法制应症煎剂”8个大字，其他几幅则都是赵家所制各种丸散膏丹的介绍。招牌树立以后，来治病的患者们远远就能看见赵家高大的布制招牌，再也没有人走错门了。赵太丛非常高兴，在一个风和日丽的日子，他特地邀请张择端到洋河虹桥边最好的酒家吃饭。这处酒家视野极佳，看得到汁梁最有名的虹桥。虹桥是一座木质结构的拱桥，横跨宽阔的沛河_.仁，桥的跨度很大，便于船只通行。虹桥造型优美别致，最难得的是，整座虹桥没有一根柱子，宛如一道飞虹。
Zhang Zeduan is a versatile painter, no matter whether it is a boat, a city, a bridge, a character or a city cup. Because he painted well, he was famous in Mu Liang a few years later. After the famous Zhang Zeduan, he was recommended and participated in the examination of the Huizong Hanlin Drawing Academy in Song Dynasty. He became a court painter with a slogan. After Zhang Zeduan became an official, he often remembered his friend Zhao Tai Cong. As long as he was empty, he went to the Zhao Family Medical Center to visit his friends. Zhao's medical center is located in the bustling area not far from the city gate. Because of its good reputation, many people have come to seek medical advice. However, there are many medical clinics on the street. Many patients have gone to the wrong place. They have misunderstood other medical centers. They have to make mistakes. The bad luck has even delayed the condition. After Zhang Zhanduan knew this situation, he had an idea for Zhao. He helped Zhao to design several large-scale cloth signs, one of which read the eight characters of "The law system should be decoction", and the others were all introduced by the various pills of Dan. After the signboard was established, the patients who came to treat the disease could see Zhao’s tall cloth signboards, and no one went wrong. Zhao Tai Cong is very happy. On a sunny day, he specially invited Zhang Zeduan to eat at the best restaurant on the edge of Yanghe Hongqiao. This restaurant has an excellent view and can see the most famous Hongqiao of the juice beam. Hongqiao is a wooden arch bridge that spans the vast Peihe River. The bridge spans a lot and is convenient for ships. Hongqiao is beautiful and chic. The most difficult thing is that the whole Hongqiao has no pillars, just like a flying rainbow.
清明上河图为什么这么有名？首先，中国画最讲究意境，画家最爱画山水、花鸟、静物，再不济也要画文化人面基，反映市井生活的写实风俗画非常少。其次，《清明上河图》是一幅界画，在作画时要借助界尺来勾勒建筑。
Why is the Qingming Shanghe map so famous? First of all, Chinese painting is the most artistic conception. The painter loves to paint landscapes, flowers and birds, and still life. It is also difficult to draw cultural people's face, and there are very few realistic and realistic paintings that reflect the life of the city. Secondly, "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is a boundary painting. When painting, it is necessary to use the ruler to outline the building.
这种画的缺点就是笔法僵硬呆板，画出来的房屋像建筑施工图。张择端虽然也用界尺，但他只在画长直线的时候用，短直线和连接线坚持用手画。这样，图上的房屋就不枯燥了，有了生活气息。只不过宋朝之后，界画画家越来越少。但反过来，物以稀为贵，这幅反映北宋城市生活的界画自然愈发独特起来，成了这一类型的鼻祖。最关键的是，这幅现实主义长卷在作者精巧的布局下，展示出了一种高超的戏剧感。
The shortcoming of this kind of painting is that the writing method is rigid and rigid, and the painted houses are like building construction drawings. Although Zhang Zeduan also uses the ruler, he only uses it when drawing long lines, and the short lines and connecting lines insist on drawing by hand. In this way, the houses on the map are not boring, and there is a sense of life. Only after the Song Dynasty, there were fewer and fewer painters. But in turn, things are rare, and this painting, which reflects the urban life of the Northern Song Dynasty, has become more and more unique and has become the originator of this type. The most important thing is that this realistic scroll has shown a superb sense of drama under the author's elaborate layout.
《清明上河图》画中约有 800 多人，牲畜 60 多匹，船只 28 艘，房屋楼宇 30 多栋，车 20 辆，轿 8 顶，树木 170 多棵。放大任意一个局部细细端详，会发现人物阶级不同，衣着不同，神情也大大不同，其间隐藏了海量的细节，还穿插着各种活动，有意思极了。
There are more than 800 people in the Qingming Riverside Paintings, more than 60 animals, 28 ships, more than 30 buildings, 20 cars, 8 cars and more than 170 trees. Zooming in on any part of the detail, you will find that the characters are different, the clothes are different, and the look is very different. There are a lot of details hidden in it, and various activities are interspersed. It is very interesting.
古人看画的时候，不能长卷铺开一览无遗，要从右往左慢慢浏览，边看、边走、边展开，才会一点一点叠加出信息量：从郊野到虹桥，楼台屋宇层峦叠嶂，三教九流轮番登场，就像一部一镜到底的电影，如果给《清明上河图》起一个当代的名字，也许会叫《北宋最后的夜晚》。
When the ancients saw the painting, they couldn’t roll out the list. They should browse slowly from right to left. While watching, walking, and unfolding, the information would be superimposed little by little: from the countryside to Hongqiao, the floor of the building. The stacking of three teachings and nine streams is like a movie in the end. If you give a contemporary name to "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", it may be called "The Last Night of the Northern Song Dynasty."
清明上河图的数量之谜
The mystery of the number of rivers in the Qingming
关于传世《清明上河图》的数量，至今莫衷一是。经奈良大学教授古原宏伸调查：日本有18件，台北有13件，纽约有6件，伦敦有4件，芝加哥、洛杉矶、布拉格及北京等地各3件，其他去向不明的有4件，共计41件。而北京故宫相关人士参与编纂的《清明上河图：珍藏版》一书则说：中国大陆有10件，中国台湾有10件，日本有11件，美国有6件，欧洲有6件，其他去向不明的有5件。
As for the number of handed down "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", there is no such thing as one. According to a survey by Professor Narahara of Nara University, there are 18 in Japan, 13 in Taipei, 6 in New York, 4 in London, 3 in Chicago, Los Angeles, Prague and Beijing, and 4 in other unknowns. 41 pieces. The book of the Qingming Shanghe Tu: Collector's Edition, which was edited by relevant people in the Forbidden City in Beijing, said: There are 10 in mainland China, 10 in Taiwan, 11 in Japan, 6 in the US, 6 in Europe, and other destinations. There are 5 pieces that are unknown.
通常认为，以“清明上河图”为题，且有一定价值的作品在全世界达50件，另外也有100件的说法。
It is generally believed that there are 50 works in the world with the title of "Qingming Shanghe Map", and there are also 100 pieces of works.
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Enrich art life and deliver artistic value! If you are interested in this "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) Art Media Co., Ltd.!
分享是一种美德，分享是一种快乐，学会分享，快乐他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!
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