编者按:肝外门静脉阻塞(extra-hepatic venous obstruction,EHPVO)是指门静脉主干及由主干延伸到分支的静脉阻塞,该类患者占到门静脉高压患者的40%,是发展中国家非硬化性门静脉高压的重要原因。目前国内对EHPVO的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断方法及治疗方式等方面的重视程度仍十分有限。本文将针对上述内容进行简要综述。

成人原发性EHPVO对应门静脉血栓形成(PVT),继发性EHPVO则对应恶性肿瘤,如肝细胞癌、胆道或胰腺腺癌、腺癌或神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移等压迫或侵袭门静脉。因此,门静脉管腔内出现癌性组织不能算作PVT。门静脉海绵状血管瘤,或所谓的阻塞后门静脉“海绵样变”指的是阻塞节段众多,侧支静脉旁路形成。成人门静脉海绵状血管瘤是PVT的并发症,而儿童门静脉海绵状血管瘤除PVT外,也有先天畸形的可能[1-3]。
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(来源:《国际肝病》编辑部)


