编者按
2025年美国临床肿瘤学年会(2025 ASCO)于5月30日~6月3日在美国芝加哥举行。作为全球规模最大、学术水平最高且最具权威性的临床肿瘤学盛会,ASCO年会汇聚了全球肿瘤学领域的医生、专业人士、患者倡导者、工业界代表以及主流媒体,共同聚焦国际前沿的研究发现与临床研究成果。
本届ASCO大会上,来自意大利圣拉斐尔科学研究所(IRCCS)的Michele Reni教授报告了一项备受瞩目的Ⅲ期临床研究(LBA4004),该研究对比了术前mFOLFIRINOX与PAXG方案在可切除Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)中的疗效差异。《肿瘤瞭望消化时讯》特邀Michele Reni教授接受专访,深入探讨研究设计背景、当前围手术期治疗的未满足需求,以及胰腺癌治疗领域的未来发展方向。以下为访谈精要整理,以飨读者。
肿瘤瞭望消化时讯
您报告的Ⅲ期研究将PAXG与mFOLFIRINOX方案在可切除Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)中进行了对比。请您分享该研究设计背后的考量?
Michele Reni教授
Dr Michele Reni: Well, thank you for your question. Well, actually modified FOLFIRINOX is very largely used around the world and is considered as standard of care. So this was one of the best options that we can compare in this context.
The other regimen is used at my institution since 12 years. So we tested this PAXG regimen against nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine (AG) in two phase II trials in stage 4 and in stage 3 disease, respectively, and we observed an increase in two year survival rate that was doubled with this regimen. Accordingly, we thought that this was the best candidate to be tested even in the contest of neo adjuvant.
肿瘤瞭望消化时讯
近年来,关于胰腺癌术前治疗策略(如新辅助化疗/放化疗)的争议日益增多。在您看来,目前PDAC围手术期治疗中最大的未满足需求是什么?
Michele Reni教授
Dr Michele Reni: Well, I think in the context of the population we have considered for this trial, the largest unmet need is a cultural perspective because we continue to use a surgical resectability classification that has never been proven to have a prognostic value and is not reproducible. So I think this is one of the main obstacles for progressing in the field.
We have to think that resection is not the cure in this kind of population because more than 96% of cases have a micrometastatic disease. Of course surgery is not the answer. We need to start with considering these patients in a different perspective.
In our trial, I did not show this data yesterday, but in our trial, there is a multivariate analysis showing that the surgical resectability classification is not related to prognosis. On the other hand, AJCC classifications, or TNM classification, is related to prognosis. Accordingly, we have to use this kind of classification and start with chemotherapy for a systemic disease.
肿瘤瞭望消化时讯
您认为过去五年中胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)治疗领域最令人振奋的进展是什么?您团队未来的重点研究方向是什么?
Michele Reni教授
我认为,在当前治疗选择有限且缺乏突破性疗法的背景下,我们需要更合理地利用现有稀缺资源。当然,我们正在期待诸如KRAS抑制剂或免疫调节剂等新药的成果,尽管目前这类药物在PDAC领域尚未取得成功,但我们有望在未来更有效地应用这些药物。因此我衷心期待,我们终将能够改变这一现状。
Dr Michele Reni: I am afraid that we have not observed any relevant advances in the last five years. So maybe the best options we have observed are from a strategical perspective. So there is now mounting evidence of the differences in terms of survival when we use different strategies like neoadjuvant therapy.
I think that in a context where we have limited options for treatment and no new relevant treatments, we need to use better the scarce resources we have.
In the future, of course, we are waiting for the results of new agents like K-RAS inhibitors or like immunomodulators that failed until now in this context. But we may expect that we will be able to better use this kind of agents in the future.
So I do hope that we may change the scenario.
研究一览
【摘要号LBA4004】针对Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胰腺导管腺癌的术前mFOLFIRINOX对比PAXG方案的随机Ⅲ期临床试验结果
研究背景
术前使用改良FOLFIRINOX(mFOLFIRINOX)方案是可切除/临界可切除 (R/BR) 胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 患者的一种可行的治疗选择。
研究方法
CASSANDRA研究(NCT0437939)是一项多中心、Ⅲ期、优效性临床研究,采用双随机(2×2析因设计)入组年龄≤75岁的局部可切除/交界可切除胰腺癌(R/BR PDAC)患者,按研究中心和CA19-9水平分层。首次随机分组中,患者分别接受PAXG方案(A组:口服卡培他滨1 250 mg/m²每日+顺铂30 mg/m²、白蛋白结合型紫杉醇150 mg/m²、吉西他滨800 mg/m²双周给药)或mFOLFIRINOX方案(B组:5-氟尿嘧啶2 400 mg/m²、伊立替康150 mg/m²、奥沙利铂85 mg/m²双周给药);第二次随机分组确定术前治疗6个月或术前4个月+术后2个月的围手术期治疗模式。
本次报告首次随机分组结果。主要终点为意向治疗人群(ITT)的无事件生存期(EFS,定义为未出现疾病进展、复发、CA19-9连续两次≥4周间隔的增幅≥20%、不可切除、术中发现转移或死亡)。次要终点包括ITT人群中的总生存期 (OS)、影像学缓解率、CA19-9水平、病理学缓解率、切除率、毒性反应和生活质量 (QoL)。当发生173例事件(260例患者)时,本研究在风险比(HR)=0.65的备择假设下,有80%的把握度通过双侧分层log-rank检验在5%的显著性水平上检测出统计学差异。EFS和OS采用Kaplan-Meier法和log-rank检验进行分析,HR通过Cox比例风险模型估算。
研究结果
2020年11月至2024年4月期间,共260例符合条件患者(表1)被随机分配至A组(N=132)或B组(N=128)。截至2025年3月1日数据截点时,中位随访23.9个月。A组3年EFS率为30%(95%CI:20%~40%),B组为14%(95%CI:5%~23%),(HR=0.66,95%CI:0.49~0.89,P=0.005)。A组与B组疾病控制率分别为98% vs. 91%(P=0.009);CA19-9下降>50%的患者比例分别为88% vs. 64%(P<0.001);手术切除率分别为75% vs. 67%(P=0.165);病理分期<Ⅱ期的患者比例分别为35% vs. 23%(P=0.03)。主要3~4级毒性反应(A组/B组)包括:中性粒细胞减少(44% vs. 30%)、乏力(8% vs. 8%)、腹泻(2% vs. 5%)、恶心/呕吐(7% vs. 10%)、神经病变(7% vs. 4%)、AST/ALT升高(3% vs. 8%)及感染(6% vs. 9%)。
表1. 患者基线特征
研究结论
对于R/BR PDAC患者,与mFOLFIRINOX方案相比,新辅助PAXG方案显著改善了EFS。
(来源:肿瘤瞭望消化时讯)
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