定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定语从句。
一、英语中的定语从句的位置。
英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后。
如：The man（先行词） who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday（定语从句） is my English teacher.
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。
如：I am waiting for the boy （先行词） who /that （关系代词）is wearing a red coat. （主语）
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The dictionary （先行词） that / which（关系代词） my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.（宾语）
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The woman is his mother （先行词） whose （关系代词） name is Linda Brown. (定语)
那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。
That is the house （先行词） where （关系副词） my father used to live.(状语)
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。
如：Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语）
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom) you met in the zoo this morning.（宾语）
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
他母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I have a story book whose cover is red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。
如：Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语）
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. （宾语）
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1. 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
如：The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better.
（the school 作了介词in的宾语。）
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where.
如：The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。)
2.只用that，不用which的情况。
（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.
这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.
那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：
All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3. 只用which，不用that的情况。
（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：
What’s that which is flying in the sky?
在天空中飞的那是什么？
练习：
1. A magnetic field may be represented in ______ manner ______ an electric field.
A. such …as B. the same … as
C. such … that D. the same … which
2. We’ve all heard of Thomas Edison, ______ invented the electric light and many other things.
A. the man who B. that C. which D. a man who
3. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited.
A. who B. that C. which D. about which
4. You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher.
A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which
5. We should do all ____ is useful to people.
A. / B. that C. it D. which
6. We came to a place ____ they had never paid a visit before.
A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which
7. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.
A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have
8. The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
9. I went to the school ____ my father once worked.
A. that B. which C. where D. on which
10. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
11. The weather turned out to be very good, _______was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
12. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
13. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
14. _________is known to all, Chinawill be an _________powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced
C. As; advanced D. It; advancing
15._________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C .That D. It
16._________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
17. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
18. Have you seen the film "Titanic", ________ leading actor is world famous?
A. its B. it's C. whose D. which
19. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _________ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
20. The famous basketball star, _______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
21. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _________many people have got home.
A. whose time B. that
C. on which D. by which time
22. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
23. I shall never forget those years _________I lived in the country with the farmers, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
24. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where
C. that D. when
25. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
26. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _________he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
27.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
-Yes. I gave it to her _________I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
28. Is this the reason _________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
29. I shall remember the day ______ we met first.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
30. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day?
A. about that you talked B. That you talked
C. which you talked D. that you talked about
31. The book ______ isn’t in the library.
A. what I need B. I need
C. that I need it D. which I need it
32. It was raining, ______ was a pity.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
33. He studied hard at school when he was young , ____ contributes to his success in latter life
A.as B. therefore C. which D. so that
34. The size of the audience, ______ we had expected, was well over one thousand.
A. whom B. who C. as D. that
35. One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the United Statesis the Grand Canyon, _____ located in northwestern Arizona.
A. and B. where C. is D. which is
36. Do you know the worker ______?
A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk
C I often talk with D. that I often talk
37. Electric current can produce heat ______ we can weld metals.
A. which B. in which
C. by means of which D. what
38. Heat has many effects, ______ we are familiar with through everyday experience.
A. most of which B. in which C. that D. that
39.Ultra-onic sound is ______ is inaudible to human ear.
A. such as B. the same as C. which D. that
40. Diesel engines are generally used for heavy-duty work ______ the weight and size of the engine are not important.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
41. The bridge ____ a big ship can go has been built.
A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which
42. The book ____ is torn is mine.
A. the cover of which B. the cover of that
C. which the cover D. whose cover of
答案及解析
1-5 BABCB 6-10 DAACB
11-15 ADBCA 16-20 BDCCD
21-25 DDBBC 26-30 ADDDD
31-35 BBCCD 36-40 CCAAB
41-42 AA
1.B such ...as结构, 或 the same ....as结构，such as 强调事物，the same as强调相似性。
2.A非限定性定语从句先行语，Thomas Edison, 放入从句为Thomas Edison invented the electric light and many other things, 先行词在从句中作主语， 先行词指人，只能用who。 限定性定语从句，先行词为the man或a man, 放入从句时在从句中也作主语，先行词指人在从句中作主语，引导词可以用who/that. the man特指，强调只有他一个人，a man泛指，侧重于表示他只是其中之一。
3.B先行词为the classmates and the school， 从句为he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。 因此，答案为B
4.C此句先行词为the girl，定语从句为sister is a Chinese teacher，二者构成的完整句为The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。
5.B此句中先行词all为不定代词，从句为is useful to people，从句缺主语， 二者构成的完整句为All is useful to people.为了便于理解，All =All the things/ everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people; 或All the things are useful to people.
6.D考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place, 从句为they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整句为They had never paid a visit to the place before.
7.A此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those students/clerks, finished diong it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。
8.A此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当， 先行词指人。
9.C此句先行词the school, 定语从句my father once worked,二者构成的完整句o为My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示, 也可以用随意性关系引导词in which表示。
10.B前一定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句转为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。
11.A考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为This natural phenomenan was more than we could expect.This natural phenomenan= The weather turned out to be very good.
12.D 非限定性定语从句的完整句为Personally I doubt that the work would be done by October very much.
13.B 非限定性定语从句完整句为It made the others unhappy that Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play.
It=Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. 在从句中构成形式主语与真实主语关系。
14.C 非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语，只能用as引导，以职高方法理解，可以为固定表达结构的插入语来理解，as is known to all. 与动作趋向相关的分词形容词，ing分词表示动作正在进行或动作即将产生，ed分词表示动作已经结束，此句中advancing country表示发展中国家，advanced country表示发达国家.
15.A考查前置性非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。综上所述的固定表达结构。
16.B固定表达结构或前置性非限定性定语从句引导词为As
17.D解析：非限定性定语从句引导词考点，先行词为the exciting moment , 将先行词放入从句为For the first time in the years their team won the world cup at the moment, 先行词放入从句为介词短语作时间状语，相关意思引导词， 固定关系引导词用时间关系引导词when,随意性关系引导词用at which. 句中for the first time in years为强词调结构。
18.C先行词the film，放入从句为The leading actor of the film is world famous, 先行词放入从句为of所有格作后置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。
19.C先行词为some other places, 放入从句为other visitors seldom go to these places, 先行词在从句中为相关意思引导词作地点状语， 固定关系引导词用地点关系引导词where, 随意性关系引导词用to which. 本人认为用随意性关系引导词最好。
20.D先行词为the famous basketball star, 放入从句为the basketball star tried to make a comeback. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指人。
21.D先行词5:30pm, 放入从句为many people have got home until/by 5:30pm。先行语相关意思在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引导词when, 随意性关系引导词until which, by which.
22.D 先行词the ancient Chinese vase, 放入从句为The ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable,，先行词在从句中作主语， 相同意思引导词，先行词指物，引导词用which. 或the price of the Chinese vase was very reasonable, 先行词的of所有格在从句中作后置性定语，所属关系引导词结构用whose price, 随意性关系引导词用the price of which
23.B前一空为限定性定语从句引导词， 后一空为非限定性定语从句，前一句先行词those years, 放入从句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作时间状语，相关意思引导词。 固定关系引导词用when. 后一空先行词为前一从句为整句先行词，可理解为那段时间的经历The experience, 放入从句为the experience has a great effect on my life. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。
24.B解析：限定性定语从句，先行词the small town 放入从句为he grew up in the small towm as a child. 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，相关意思引导词，固定关系引导词用where, 随意性关系引导词用in which。
25.C解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词the hours, 放入从句为I was taken good care of in that far-away village during the hours. 先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，固定关系引词用when， 随意性关系引导词用during which.
26.A 解析：限定性定语从句考点，先行词为a dangerous situation, 放入从句为He is likely to lose control over the plane in that dangerous situation. 先行词短语结构在从句中作地点状语，固定关系引导词用where, 随意性关系引导词用in which, 随意性关系引导词最好。
27.D 先行词放入从句为I saw her at the moment. 先行词短语结构在从句中作时间状语，引导词用固定关系引导词when，引导词不同省略。while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须为延续性动词或状态，see为瞬间动作。
28.D解析：限定性定语从句考点， 先行词为the reason, 定语从句引导词为Why.
29.D先行词the day， 放入从句为We met first on the day. 先行语短语结构在从句中作时间状语， 固定关系引导词用when, 随意性关系引导词用on which
30.D先行语the dictionary, 放入从句为you talked about the dictionary the other day. 先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语， 从句可用about which you talkd the other day 或which/ that/ 省略引导词you talked about the other day.
31.B先行词the book 放入从句为I need the book. 先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词，先行词指物， 引导词可用which/that/ 省略引导词。
32.B先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这种情况this situation, 放入为This situation was a pity, 先行词在从句中作主语， 相同意思引导词，先行词指事，非人即物。
33.C先行词为前一主句构成整句先行词现象，可以理解为这一经历this experience 放入从句为This experience contributes to his success in his latter life. 先行词在从句中作主语，相同意思引导词，先行词指事
34.C解析：非限定性定语从句考点， 先行语the size of the audience, 放入从句为we had expected the size of the audience, 先行语在从句中作宾语。先行词指物，引导词可用which. espect 可构成固定短语的插入语表示据估计，as it was expected或as it has been expected或as sb has expected.
35.D非限定性定语从句考点，先行词the Grand Canyon, 放入从句为The Grand Canyon is located in northwestern Arizona. 先行语在从句中作主语，先行语非人即物
36.C先行词为the worker ，放入从句为I often talk with the worker. 先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语，定语从句表达可以为with whom I often talk 或whom/ that/省略引导词I often talk with.
37.C先行语heat 放入从句为we can weld metals by means of heat 或we can weld metals by the heat. 先行词短语结构在从句中作方式状语，相关意思引导词，没有固定关系引导词， 随意性关系引导词用by means of which 或by which.
38.A先行词为many effects, 放入从句为We are familiar with these effects through everyday experience. 或we are familiar with most f these efftcts through every experience. 按第一种情况分析，先行词在从句中作宾语，相同意思引导词， 引导词只能为which; 按第二种情况分析，先行语短语结构在从句中作宾语， 相关意思引导词，没有固定关系引导词，只能用随意性关系引导词most of which.
39.A be动词后的表语及其后从句考点， 此句中若为表语从句表达时，从句少主语，引导词用连接代词补位应为what， 理解时不合现实。 用such作表语，其后由as引导定语从句，用the same作表语，其后也应用as引导定语从句。 其区别在于，such as强调事物，the same as 强调其相似性。从现实角度分析，超音速的声音是人的耳朵中不见的。
40.B先行词heavy-duty work, 放入从句为the weight and the size of the engine are not important during the work. 先行词短语结构在从句中时间状语。 引导词用固定关系引导词when或随意性关系引导词During which.
41.A 此句中，先行词为the bridge; 从句为a big ship can go, 二者构成的完整句为A big ship can go under the bridge.
42.A 考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。因此随意性关系引导词结构为the cover of which或所属关系引导词结构whose cover.
