国际贸易术语与价格条件解析
价格条件术语
- 价格术语(Trade Term):也称为价格条件,用于表示商品交易中买卖双方的责任划分。
- 运费(Freight):运输商品所产生的费用。
- 单价(Unit Price):单个商品的价格。
- 总值(Total Value):成交数量乘以单价的总额。
- 关税(Customs Duty):国家对进出口货物征收的税。
- 净价(Net Price):不含其他附加费用的商品价格。
- 含佣价(Price Including Commission):包含佣金的商品价格。
- 回佣(Return Commission):买方返还给卖方代理的酬金。
- 折扣(Discount, Allowance):减少支付金额的优惠。
- 现货价格(Spot Price):立即交货的商品当前市场价格。
- 期货价格(Forward/Futures Price):未来某个时间点交割的价格。
- 离岸价(FOB-Free on Board):成本不包括运费和保险。
- C&F(Cost and Freight):含成本加运费,但不含保险。
- CIF(Cost, Insurance, and Freight):包含成本、运费及保险。
国际常用价格条款
- DES(Delivered Ex Ship):目的港船上交货。
- DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay):目的港码头交货。
- DPU(Delivered at Place Unloaded):指定地点交货并卸货。
- CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid To):运费和保险费付至目的地。
- CPT(Carriage Paid To):运费付至。
贸易与物流术语
- 装运港(Port of Shipment):货物装船地。
- 目的港(Port of Destination):货物抵达地。
- 进口许可证(Import Licence):政府批准进口的文件。
- 出口许可证(Export Licence):政府授权出口的凭证。
常见行业词汇
- 贸易顺差(Trade Surplus):出口多于进口。
- 贸易逆差(Trade Deficit):进口多于出口。
- 自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone):取消关税和限制措施的区域。
- 最惠国待遇(MFN Treatment):双边给予第三方最优惠待遇。
- 贸易壁垒(Trade Barrier):如关税、配额等影响自由交易因素。
- 非关税壁垒(Non-Tariff Barrier):通过技术标准或政策限制贸易。
INCOTERMS 简介
INCOTERMS(国际贸易术语解释通则)由国际商会制定,规范全球贸易中的责任、费用和风险分担规则。
国际贸易术语与合同条款中英对照指南
装运相关术语
- 装运期限 - Time of shipment
- 定期租船 - Time charter
- 托运人(一般指出口商)- Shipper、Consignor
- 收货人 - Consignee
- 班轮 - Regular shipping liner
- 驳船 - Lighter
- 舱位 - Shipping space
- 油轮 - Tanker
- 报关 - Clearance of goods
- 陆运收据 - Cargo receipt
- 提货 - To take delivery of goods
- 空运提单 - Airway bill
- 正本提单 - Original B\L
- 选择港(任意港)- Optional port
- 选港费 - Optional charges
装运表达方式示例
- 选港费由买方负担 - Optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 Optional charges for Buyers’ account
- 一月份装船 - Shipment during January 或 January shipment
- 一月底装船 - Shipment not later than Jan.31st. 或 Shipment on or before Jan.31st.
- 一/二月份装船 - Shipment during Jan./Feb. 或 Jan./Feb. shipment
- 在……(时间)分两批装船 - Shipment during....in two lots
- 在……(时间)平均分两批装船 - Shipment during....in two equal lots
- 分三个月装运 - In three monthly shipments
- 分三个月,每月平均装运 - In three equal monthly shipments
- 立即装运 - Immediate shipments
- 即期装运 - Prompt shipments
- 收到信用证后30天内装运 - Shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C
- 不允许分批装船 - Partial shipment not allowed / Partial shipment not permitted
- 允许分批装船 - Partial shipment not unacceptable
重要装运相关内容
- 装运通知 - Shipping Advice
- 装运单据 - Shipping Documents
- 装运港 - Port of Shipment
- 目的港 - Port of Destination
- 转运 - Transshipment
- 分批装运 - Partial Shipment
- 转运费用 - Transshipment Charges
- 滞期费 - Demurrage
- 速遣费 - Dispatch Money
主要价格条款
- 装运港船上交货价 - FOB (Free on Board)
- 成本加保险费、运费价 - CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight)
- 成本加运费价 - C&F (Cost and Freight)
交货及装运时间相关术语
- 交货期 - Delivery Time
- 装运期 - Shipment Period
- 装运前检验 - Pre-shipment Inspection
- 装运标记 - Shipping Marks
- 装运重量 - Shipping Weight
- 装运体积 - Shipping Volume
- 装运单据副本 - Copy of Shipping Documents
交易磋商与合同签订术语
- 订单 - Order
- 订货;订购 - Book、Booking
- 电复 - Cable reply
- 实盘 - Firm offer
- 递盘 - Bid、Bidding
- 递实盘 - Bid firm
- 还盘 - Counter offer
- 发盘(发价)- Offer
- 发实盘 - Offer firm
- 询盘(询价)- Inquiry
- 指示性价格 - Price indication
- 速复 - Reply immediately
- 参考价 - Reference price
- 习惯做法 - Usual practice
- 交易磋商 - Business negotiation
- 不受约束 - Without engagement
- 业务洽谈 - Business discussion
- 限**复 - Subject to reply
- 限**复到 - Subject to reply reaching here
- 有效期限 - Time of validity
- 有效至** - Valid till
合同相关术语
- 购货合同 - Purchase contract
- 销售合同 - Sales contract
- 购货确认书 - Purchase confirmation
- 销售确认书 - Sales confirmation
- 一般交易条件 - General terms and conditions
- 以未售出为准 - Subject to prior sale
- 需经卖方确认 - Subject to seller’s confirmation
- 需经我方最后确认 - Subject to our final confirmation
- 要约邀请 - Invitation to treat
- 承诺 - Acceptance
- 合同生效 - Contract Effectiveness
- 合同修改 - Contract Amendment
- 合同解除 - Contract Termination
- 违约责任 - Liability for Breach of Contract
- 争议解决 - Dispute Resolution
法律行为相关术语
- 要约 - Offer
- 撤销要约 - Revocation of Offer
- 承诺的撤回 - Withdrawal of Acceptance
- 逾期承诺 - Late Acceptance
- 合同成立 - Formation of Contract
- 合同履行 - Performance of Contract
- 合同变更 - Alteration of Contract
国际贸易术语与操作流程精要
交易合同核心条款
- 合同转让 Assignment of Contract
- 不可抗力 Force Majeure
- 仲裁 Arbitration
国际交易方式解析
- 拍卖 Auction / Auction in International Trade
- 寄售 Consignment
- 招标 Invitation of Tender / Tender Invitation
- 投标 Submission of Tender
- 招投标 Tendering and Bidding
贸易代理模式
- 一般代理人 Agent
- 商业代理人 Commercial Agent
- 总代理人 General Agent
- 代理协议 Agency Agreement
- 累计佣金 Accumulative Commission / Accumulated Commission
特殊贸易形式
- 补偿贸易 Compensation Trade / Compensating Trade / Counter Trade
- 来料加工 Processing on Giving Materials / Processing with Supplied Materials
- 来料装配 Assembling on Provided Parts / Assembling with Supplied Parts
- 进料加工 Imported Material Processing
- 易货贸易 Barter Trade
- 租赁贸易 Leasing Trade
- 加工贸易 Processing Trade
- 代理贸易 Agency Trade
分销体系与协议
- 独家经营/专营权 Exclusive Right
- 独家经营/包销/代理协议 Exclusivity Agreement
- 独家代理 Sole Agency / Sole Agent / Exclusive Agency / Exclusive Agent
- 独家销售协议 Exclusive Sales Agreement
- 分销协议 Distribution Agreement
现代贸易模式
- 许可贸易 Licensing Trade
- 特许经营 Franchising
- 电子商务贸易 E-commerce Trade
- 期货交易 Futures Trading
- 期权交易 Options Trading
- 电子数据交换(EDI)贸易 EDI Trade
商品品质相关术语
- 品质 Quality
- 原样 Original Sample
- 规格 Specifications
- 复样 Duplicate Sample
- 说明 Description
- 对等样品 Countersample
- 标准 Standard
- 参考样品 Reference Sample
- 封样 Sealed Sample
- 公差 Tolerance
- 货号 Article No.
- 花色 Assortment
- 样品 Sample
- 增减5% Plus or Minus 5%
- 大路货 Fair Average Quality
质量控制与管理体系
- 品质公差 Quality Tolerance
- 品质检验 Quality Inspection
- 品质证书 Quality Certificate
- 品质保证 Quality Assurance
- 品质异议 Quality Objection
- 抽样检验 Sampling Inspection
- 全数检验 Full Inspection
- 品质控制 Quality Control (QC)
- 品质改进 Quality Improvement
- 品质认证 Quality Certification
- 品质合格证书 Quality Conformity Certificate
- 品质缺陷 Quality Defect
- 品质索赔 Quality Claim
- 品质管理体系 Quality Management System (QMS)
- 品质审核 Quality Audit
- 品质成本 Quality Cost
- 品质方针 Quality Policy
- 品质基准 Quality Benchmark
- 品质追溯 Quality Traceability
- 品质风险 Quality Risk
- 品质文化 Quality Culture
- 品质领导力 Quality Leadership
- 品质保证期 Warranty Period
- 品质改进计划 Quality Improvement Plan
- 品质认证机构 Certification Body
- 品质检验报告 Quality Inspection Report
- 品质检验费 Inspection Fee
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