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日本特色的体育场设计

搜建筑

2021-07-10

导读：大的平屋顶是悬臂式的，由60米长的框架组成，由家用木材和钢材制成。

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带有日本特色的体育场，与周围的明治神社森林融为一体——新国家体育场的外观与多层“屋檐”融为一体。屋檐是日本传统建筑的组成部分，是植根于日本气候的既定结构。它们阻挡阳光，为看台带来宜人的微风，为创造环境友好型建筑做出贡献。

Stadium with Japanese-ness, blending in with the surrounding Meiji Shrine forest - The exterior of the new National Stadium integrates Japanese-ness with multilayered “eaves.” Eaves are a component of traditional Japanese architecture, an established structure rooted in the Japanese climate. They contribute to creating environmentally friendly architecture by blocking sunlight and bringing a pleasant breeze to the stands.

此外，为了与明治神宫外苑丰富的绿色植物融为一体，体育场的高度降到了最低，屋檐上生长着当地的植物。大的平屋顶是悬臂式的，由60米长的框架组成，由家用木材和钢材制成。这个世界级的体育场结合了日本传统、气候和技术。

Furthermore, in order to blend in with the rich greenery of the Meiji Shrine’s Outer Garden, the stadium height is minimized and the eaves are vegetated with native species. The large, flat roof is cantilevered, consisting of frames about 60m-long made of domestic wood and steel. This world-class stadium combines Japanese tradition, climate and technology.

利用风改善看台的热环境——“Kaze no Obisashi(风的大屋檐)”通过有效地引入季节性风，同时通过顶部从体育场内部去除热量和湿度，改善了看台和场地的热环境。屋檐上格子之间的间距(开口率)根据建筑的方向而变化。东南偏南面较窄，以捕捉夏季的微风并将其导向看台，而北面较宽，以分流冬季的风并将其引入屋顶内部。

Improved thermal environment for the stands by utilizing wind - “Kaze no Obisashi (grand eaves of the wind)” improves the thermal environment of the stands and field by effectively bringing in seasonal wind, while removing the heat and humidity from inside the stadium through the top. The spacing (opening ratio) between the lattices on the eaves varies according to the direction of the building. The south-southeast side is narrower to capture the summer breeze and direct it to the stands, whereas the north side is wider to divert the wind in the winter and direct it inside the roof.

寻求卓越的结构性能和可操作性——为了在有限的施工周期内实现卓越的质量和耐久性，悬臂式屋顶和支架由一个简单的钢框架构成，由相同的结构在圆周方向重复而成。预制材料大量用于基础和观众座位。采用一层软阻尼结构，下部软层采用油阻尼器，有效吸收地震能量。

Seeking superior structural performance and workability - In order to achieve superior quality and durability within the limited construction period, the cantilevered roof and stands are constructed of a simple steel frame, made of the same structure repeated in the circumferential direction. Precast materials were heavily used for the foundation and spectators’ seats. Employing a soft-first-story damping structure, the soft lower level with oil dampers effectively absorbs earthquake energy.