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新农村 | 样板社区：五种不同户型，从单体-院落组合-组团-聚落的生长模式

搜建筑

2023-03-25

导读：4户为一个院落组合，6-10户一个组团，以公共院落为中心组合布局，

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盐城·穆沟村的新农村社区

周凌工作室

▲新村总平面图 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

穆沟村位于江苏省盐城市益林镇里下河平原中部。穆沟新村项目是对江苏省于2020年启动的“新型农村社区”建设的响应，以改善农民居住条件，解决乡村空心化的现象，建立新时期城乡一体化的关系。项目规划将穆沟村老村的建筑进行政府集中收储管理和新功能的植入，并在老村西侧250米处打造新村，进行回迁安置房的建设，一期外迁户共38户，遵循宅基地一宅一户的分配方式。

Mugou Village is located in the middle of the Li-Xi-He Plain, in Yilin Town, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. The Mugou New Village project is in response to Jiangsu Province's "New Rural Community" construction, which was launched in 2020 and aims to enhance villagers' living conditions, address the issue of rural hollowing out, and create an integrated relationship between urban and rural areas in the new era. The project intends to implement new functions and carry out centralized government collection in The Old Village of Mugou. It also aims to develop a new village 250 meters to the west of the old one for the construction of resettlement houses, with a total of 38 households relocated in the first phase.

▲新村水网组团状的聚落形态 © 侯博文

水乡地貌的延续— —新村的规划布局尊崇“最大程度保护地貌”的设计理念。穆沟村水系发达，村内水系、水田、水塘与村庄布局在相互关联和影响下逐渐形成老村聚落独特的湖荡地貌特征。新村结合现状湖荡将安置房分别嵌入，在顺应湖荡自然风貌上体现为：不破坏湖荡、水系与田园的关系，不填水；在保留自然村庄与生态和谐的关系上体现为：控制建筑高度在2层及以下，不改变房屋、田园、水系的比例关系。这种谨慎介入自然的改造，保留了“水-田-村”一体化的地貌特征和原地貌的场景感，呈现出新村因水而生、与水共生的关系。

The continuation of the water landform - The new settlement is laid out in accordance with the design principle of "maximizing the protection of the original geographical features." The water system in Mugou Village is well-developed: the water network, water field, water pond, and village layout are connected and influenced by one another to gradually build the distinctive Lakeland geomorphic features of The Old Village settlement. The houses of The New Village settled in accordance with Lakeland's existing state. Its meticulous intervention in nature retains the integrated geomorphic elements of "water-field-village" as well as the scene sense of the old geomorphic environment.

▲新村青砖灰瓦的风貌延续 © 侯博文

▲新村屋面轮廓的生成 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲新村院落组合空间的错落 © 侯博文

水网组团状聚落肌理的延续— —穆沟新村采用类型化的空间组合模式，将五种不同户型，按照4户为一个院落组合，6-10户一个组团，以公共院落为中心组合布局，使之以组团状的形态自然生长，形成从单体-院落组合-组团-聚落的生长模式。

The continuation of water network clusters of settlement texture - Mugou New Village utilizes a stylized method of spatial combination. Four units form a courtyard combination, while six to ten units form a cluster in the five various unit styles. The public courtyard serves as the focal point of the combined layout, allowing for their organic clustering and formation into the growth mode of “monomer-courtyard combination-cluster-settlement”.

▲新村典型院落组合轴侧分析 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲穆沟新村五种平面单元类型 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲穆沟新村单体立面 (A1) © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲新村组团错落的立面组合形态 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲典型院落组合一层平面 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

▲ 典型院落组合二层平面 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

水乡风貌的延续— —穆沟新村是新型水乡聚落，是现代化的乡村，采用当代设计呈现传统语言，强调新老村之间的衔接。新村通过抽象几何实现对当地形式语言的现代转译，采用深灰色瓦屋面与泛白的青砖墙体形成线、面、体几何化的强烈对比，描绘出传统苏北水乡民居的神韵与意境。

The continuation of the waterside village’s feature - Mugou New Village is a modern community and a new type of water village settlement. The relationship between the new and old villages is emphasized, and traditional language is presented using contemporary design. The New Village modernizes the regional formal language, by using whiting brick walls and dark gray tile to create a striking contrast of geometric surfaces, lines, and solids while capturing the beauty and aesthetic vision of traditional dwellings in the waterside villages of northern Jiangsu.

▲新村聚落形态生成分析

▲新村组团式布局的生成 © 南大设计院周凌工作室

新村的建设坚持新村落、新聚落、不离土、不离乡的原则，延续传统聚落的地貌特征、风貌特征、空间特征、尺度特征，使新村较好地融合于老村与自然之中，塑造村民熟悉的村庄环境，为苏北水乡地区广大农村新乡村聚落的设计实践做出了有意义的尝试。

Conclusion - The New Village's construction follows the tenet "new village, new settlement, never leaving the land and never leaving the hometown". From the four dimensions of "residence form - courtyard combination - settlement texture - water landform", the New Village maintains the traditional settlement's geomorphic, stylistic, spatial, and scale features to better integrate with The Old Village and create a familiar village environment for the villagers. This represents a significant effort for the design practice of the new village settlement in the vast rural areas of the northern Jiangsu waterside villages.