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论文简介
浙江大学杨芊教授、周欣悦教授等在顶刊Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America（PNAS）上发表了一项振奋人心的突破性发现《Unraveling controversies over civic honestymeasurement: An extended field replication in China》。他们用更科学的研究方法与数据，证明中国公民的诚实水平比Cohn等人得出的研究发现要高很多。他们证实“电子邮件回复率”无法真实反映中国公民诚实度，他们在研究中引入文化维度，揭示Cohn等人研究的底层缺陷。
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论文概述
摘要：
Cohn et al. (2019) conducted a wallet drop experiment in 40 countries to measure “civic honesty around the globe,” which has received worldwide attention but also sparked controversies over using the email response rate as the sole metric of civic honesty. Relying on the lone measurement may overlook cultural differences in behaviors that demonstrate civic honesty. To investigate this issue, we conducted an extended replication study in China, utilizing email response and wallet recovery to assess civic honesty. We found a significantly higher level of civic honesty in China, as measured by the wallet recovery rate, than reported in the original study, while email response rates remained similar. To resolve the divergent results, we introduce a cultural dimension, individualism versus collectivism, to study civic honesty across diverse cultures. We hypothesize that cultural differences in individualism and collectivism could influence how individuals prioritize actions when handling a lost wallet, such as contacting the wallet owner or safeguarding the wallet. In reanalyzing Cohn et al.’s data, we found that email response rates were inversely related to collectivism indices at the country level. However, our replication study in China demonstrated that the likelihood of wallet recovery was positively correlated with collectivism indicators at the provincial level. Consequently, relying solely on email response rates to gauge civic honesty in cross-country comparisons may neglect the vital individualism versus collectivism dimension. Our study not only helps reconcile the controversy surrounding Cohn et al.'s influential field experiment but also furnishes a fresh cultural perspective to evaluate civic honesty.
论文核心内容介绍：
公民诚实在全球社会中占据着举足轻重的地位，因为它在多个层面上促进了社会的健康发展，包括信任的建立、尊重的深化、问责的明确以及凝聚力的增强。然而，先前的研究往往依赖于单一的公民诚实测量方法，这种方法可能未能充分考虑到不同文化背景下公民诚实行为的多样性。为了更全面地理解文化如何塑造与公民诚实相关的行为，本研究采用了创新的双重公民诚实测量方法，并结合了个人主义与集体主义的理论视角。这种方法使我们能够更深入地探讨文化背景对公民诚实行为的影响。
研究结果表明，集体主义与个人主义价值观的差异在很大程度上解释了不同文化间公民诚实行为的差异。这一发现为我们理解公民诚实的文化差异提供了新的视角，具有重要意义。此外，本文研究还有助于解决一项备受关注的实地实验争议，通过提供更准确、更全面的数据和分析，为实验结果的解释提供了有力支持。同时，我们的研究也改进了公民诚实的测量方法，为未来的研究提供了更为精确和可靠的工具。
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